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초록· 키워드
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Musee national de ceramique de Sevres is the greatest museum for ceramics in Europe that was founded in 1824, This museum have had international cultural exchange including exporting ceramics since in the 19th century and have solidified its position internationally. Joseon began a close relationship with the museum from 1886, the year when France-Joseon Treaty was ratified.
Victor Collin de Plancy, the first French diplomatic minister to Joseon played an important role as a bridge for the Musee national de ceramique de Sevres to participate in manufacturing and improving Korean ceramics, which was a direct opportunity for him to collect a lot of Korean ceramics. Especially, it is noteworthy that when Gojong(高宗), the emperor of Joseon and Sadi Carnot, the president of France exchanged their ceramics as gifts in order to celebrate France-Joseon Treaty, the French ceramics were the ones that had been manufactured in Sevres and the Korean celadon items are now housed in the Musee national de ceramique de Sevres. It is also meaningful that when Joseon white porcelains faced uncertain future after Bunwon(分院) came under private management in 1884, Musee national de ceramique de Sevres factory’s manufacturers were invited to Joseon and helped with founding an arts and crafts school.
In modern period of France, Joseon studies was not a well-explored field compared to other oriental studies, but Andre Billequin’s donation of a lot of Korean ceramics to Musee national de ceramique de Sevres and his study on these ceramics paved the way for the research into the history of Korean ceramics studies, via Musee national de ceramique de Sevres. And minister Plancy along with anthropologist Charles Louis Varat and Colonel Lee collected, donated and researched Korean celadon, white porcelains, Buncheong celadon and earthen ware chronologically which helped to shape the present Korean room at Musee national de ceramique de Sevres.
As mentioned above, Musee national de ceramique de Sevres accepted the Korean ceramics art actively after France-Joseon Treaty and was fascinated by the unique ceramic culture and created a new form of ceramics. For example, the Koryo celadon pottery that Gojong presented to the president of France was reborn as a new type of celadon ware. Unable to be supplied with ash-glaze, they had to use crystallization glaze and copper red glaze, which resulted in the creation of beautiful and colorful European celadon peculiar to Sevres. This unprecedented approach was the result from their fascination with the oriental mystical ceramics.
In this way, Musee national de ceramique de Sevres tried to understand Korean ceramic art thanks to the effort of a few persons like minister Plancy from the 19th century. The reason why the Musee national de ceramique de Sevres in modern times draw our attention is because of the fact that they not only housed Korean ceramics in the museum but also manufactured new type of ceramics using original Korean ones and publicized them internationally and kept collecting Korean ceramics and did research.
From the point of view of producing ceramics, the Korean modern times was a period of upheaval. It was minister Plancy’s personal effort that contributed in large part to the cooperation between Joseon and Musee national de ceramique de Sevres. However, this provided an opportunity for Koryo celadon and Joseon white porcelains to be established as important foreign cultural assets in French society. Musee national de ceramique de Sevres could not completely express the beauty of Korean ceramics that they pursued. But it is meaningful that they made a positive contribution in adoration of Korean ceramic culture for the first time in Europe and above-mentioned facts are the reasons for this study.
Victor Collin de Plancy, the first French diplomatic minister to Joseon played an important role as a bridge for the Musee national de ceramique de Sevres to participate in manufacturing and improving Korean ceramics, which was a direct opportunity for him to collect a lot of Korean ceramics. Especially, it is noteworthy that when Gojong(高宗), the emperor of Joseon and Sadi Carnot, the president of France exchanged their ceramics as gifts in order to celebrate France-Joseon Treaty, the French ceramics were the ones that had been manufactured in Sevres and the Korean celadon items are now housed in the Musee national de ceramique de Sevres. It is also meaningful that when Joseon white porcelains faced uncertain future after Bunwon(分院) came under private management in 1884, Musee national de ceramique de Sevres factory’s manufacturers were invited to Joseon and helped with founding an arts and crafts school.
In modern period of France, Joseon studies was not a well-explored field compared to other oriental studies, but Andre Billequin’s donation of a lot of Korean ceramics to Musee national de ceramique de Sevres and his study on these ceramics paved the way for the research into the history of Korean ceramics studies, via Musee national de ceramique de Sevres. And minister Plancy along with anthropologist Charles Louis Varat and Colonel Lee collected, donated and researched Korean celadon, white porcelains, Buncheong celadon and earthen ware chronologically which helped to shape the present Korean room at Musee national de ceramique de Sevres.
As mentioned above, Musee national de ceramique de Sevres accepted the Korean ceramics art actively after France-Joseon Treaty and was fascinated by the unique ceramic culture and created a new form of ceramics. For example, the Koryo celadon pottery that Gojong presented to the president of France was reborn as a new type of celadon ware. Unable to be supplied with ash-glaze, they had to use crystallization glaze and copper red glaze, which resulted in the creation of beautiful and colorful European celadon peculiar to Sevres. This unprecedented approach was the result from their fascination with the oriental mystical ceramics.
In this way, Musee national de ceramique de Sevres tried to understand Korean ceramic art thanks to the effort of a few persons like minister Plancy from the 19th century. The reason why the Musee national de ceramique de Sevres in modern times draw our attention is because of the fact that they not only housed Korean ceramics in the museum but also manufactured new type of ceramics using original Korean ones and publicized them internationally and kept collecting Korean ceramics and did research.
From the point of view of producing ceramics, the Korean modern times was a period of upheaval. It was minister Plancy’s personal effort that contributed in large part to the cooperation between Joseon and Musee national de ceramique de Sevres. However, this provided an opportunity for Koryo celadon and Joseon white porcelains to be established as important foreign cultural assets in French society. Musee national de ceramique de Sevres could not completely express the beauty of Korean ceramics that they pursued. But it is meaningful that they made a positive contribution in adoration of Korean ceramic culture for the first time in Europe and above-mentioned facts are the reasons for this study.
#세브르국립도자박물관
#세브르 도자제작소
#고종
#사디 카르노(Sadi Carnot)
#빅토르 콜랑 드 플랑시(Victor Collin de Plancy)
#앙드레 빌르캥(Andrè Billequin)
#샤를르 루이 바라(Charles Louis Varat)
#모리스 쿠랑(Maurice Courant)
#레오포드 레미옹(Leopold Rèmion)
#공작학교
#유럽피안 청자
#기메박물관
#Musée national de céramique de Sèvres
#Victor Collin de Plancy
#Andre Billequin
#Charles Louis Varat
#Maurice Courant
#Leopold Rémion
#European celadon
목차
I. 머리말
Ⅱ. 근대기 세브르박물관과 조선의 도자교류
Ⅲ. 세브르박물관이 형성한 한국 도자문화의 파급
IV. 맺음말
참고문헌
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