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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
Lee William (Department of Cardiac Sciences Libin Cardiovascular Institute Cumming School of Medicine University) Vandenberk Bert (Department of Cardiac Sciences Libin Cardiovascular Institute Cumming School of Medicine University) Raj Satish R. (Department of Cardiac Sciences Libin Cardiovascular Institute Cumming School of Medicine University) Lee Samuel S. (Liver Unit Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Ca)
저널정보
거트앤리버 발행위원회 Gut and Liver Gut and Liver 제16권 제6호
발행연도
2022.11
수록면
849 - 860 (12page)
DOI
10.5009/gnl210537

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Approximately 30% to 70% of patients with cirrhosis have QT interval prolongation. In patients without cirrhosis, QT prolongation is associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias, such as torsade de pointes (TdP). In cirrhotic patients, there is likely a significant association between the corrected QT (QTc) interval and the severity of liver disease, and possibly with increased mortality. We present a stepwise overview of the pathophysiology and management of acquired long QT syndrome in cirrhosis. The QT interval is mainly determined by ventricular repolarization. To compare the QT interval in time it should be corrected for heart rate (QTc), preferably by the Fridericia method. A QTc interval >450 ms in males and >470 ms in females is considered prolonged. The pathophysiological mechanism remains incompletely understood, but may include metabolic, autonomic or hormonal imbalances, cirrhotic heart failure and/or genetic predisposition. Additional external risk factors for QTc prolongation include medication (IKr blockade and altered cytochrome P450 activity), bradycardia, electrolyte abnormalities, underlying cardiomyopathy and acute illness. In patients with cirrhosis, multiple hits and cardiac-hepatic interactions are often required to sufficiently erode the repolarization reserve before long QT syndrome and TdP can occur. While some risk factors are unavoidable, overall risk can be mitigated by electrocardiogram monitoring and avoiding drug interactions and electrolyte and acid-base disturbances. In cirrhotic patients with prolonged QTc interval, a joint effort by cardiologists and hepatologists may be useful and significantly improve the clinical course and outcome.

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