과학기술분야 정부출연연구기관은 우리나라 과학기술 발전 및 경제발전의 원동력이었으나 최근 비판적 시각과 효율성 제고에 대한 사회적 요구가 증대되고 있다. 이에 따라 정부출연기관을 포함한 공공조직의 새로운 성과평가시스템으로써 균형성과표(Balanced Score Card: BSC)의 도입이 점점 확대되고 있다. BSC는 매출이나 순이익 같은 재무적 성과에만 치우쳤던 기존 성과측정 시스템의 한계를 보완하기 위하여 내부 프로세스, 고객, 학습 및 성장의 관점을 추가하여 균형 있는 성과측정을 통해 조직의 전략과 가치를 실현하기 위해 제안된 평가시스템이며, 단순한 전술적 성과측정 시스템이 아니라 장기적으로 전략을 수행하기 위한 관리시스템으로 정의된다. 본 연구에서는 과학기술계 정부출연연구기관인 G연구교육기관을 위하여, 현재의 경영성과지표와 선행연구를 토대로 BSC 기반의 새로운 경영성과지표를 개발하였다. 또한 개발된 경영성과지표간의 중요도를 산출하기 위하여 전문가를 대상으로 AHP 기법 적용을 위한 설문조사를 실시하고 분석하였다. 이를 통해 BSC 관점별 경영성과지표의 우선순위 및 가중치가 산출되었다. 분석결과, 제1계층의 성과평가 관점에서는 내부 프로세스 관점의 가중치가 가장 높았고 제1계층과 제2계층의 분석결과가 통합된 최종 산출 가중치는 예산 · 회계 체계의 투명성, 업무개선활동, 기관의 전략적 운영, 조직역량의 성장, 연구․교육성과 등의 순으로 중요도가 높게 나타났다. BSC에 근거한 G연구교육기관의 경영성과지표 개발을 통해 성과 평가시 기관의 총체적인 요인을 고려할 수 있고, 미시적․거시적인 성과를 측정할 수 있는 기반을 마련하였으며, 실질적인 평가를 집행하는 데 적용할 수 있다. 본 연구결과는 G연구교육기관과 유사한 형태의 정부출연연구기관에 대한 경영성과 평가에도 활용이 가능하다.
The government science and technology research institute in Korea is facing new national needs in demand of high performance and the adaption of performance-based management in order to increase public accountability. Many methods were developed and applied to evaluate the performance of the organizations both in public and private sectors. In recent years, utilizing relatively new method, namely Balanced Score Card (BSC) was developed by Kaplan and Norton in early 1990s. The BSC which is used as a strategic evaluation tool is a method of determining business performance using lagging (results) and leading (future) indicators on the basis of vision and strategies. The method suggests that business performance should be evaluated not only using indicators, since it is insufficient in explaining but also simultaneously considering non-financial indicators. Kaplan and Norton suggested a new performance measurement that focuses on corporate (or organization) strategy in four perspectives: financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth that need to be balanced in performance measurement. Each perspective consist of the relevant goals with indicators and measures to achieve them. Now in these days, public sector tries to adopt this sort of method to evaluate the governmental organization and several government invest organizations to evaluate their performance. The purpose of this research is to develop management performance indices using the concepts of BSC for G-research education institute (the government science and technology research institute). Based on the examination of BSC approach, the management performance indices of G-institute are classified by the four viewpoints of BSC. The weight of indices is measured by Analytic Hierarch Process (AHP) questionnaires. The AHP is a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions, based on mathematics and psychology. It has particular application in group decision making and is used around the world in wide variety of decision situation. By using AHP to those who has been in charge of performance measurement in our research, it induces weight for each indices, then compares and analyzes the result to the previous indices. Through this study, the results are as follows: Followed by perspectives of learning and growth, financial, and customer, internal process perspective was the most important sector in performance measurement under the 1st layer when comparing BSC perspectives. In private sector, financial perspective could be the most important in its pursuit of profit, but it is certainly different from that. In the final weight of indices, multiplying the 1st and 2nd layer, the order of importance is transparency of budget&accounting system, activities for improving business, strategic operations of the institute, a growth of organization capacity, education and training for working people, research&education performance, etc. The management performance indices and the calculated weight which is the result of this research, will help to evaluate the performance of the government S&T research institute similar to G-research education institute. The BSC concept will be constantly utilized as the strategic management method of private and public systems. Our research represent, to our knowledge, one of the BSC implementation in a public organization. However, to correctly interpret the results of this work, a limitation of case study based research should be mentioned and thus future research activities will substantiate the outcomes of this study with additional investigation.