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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
Jong-Hyun Kim (Gyeongsang National University) Hae-Jin Sohn (Ajou University School of Medicine) Ho-Joon Shin (Ajou University School of Medicine) Stacy E. Walz (Arkansas State University) Suk-Yul Jung (Arkansas State University)
저널정보
대한기생충학열대의학회 Parasites, Hosts and Diseases Parasites, Hosts and Diseases Vol.62 No.4
발행연도
2024.11
수록면
385 - 398 (14page)

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초록· 키워드

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Naegleria fowleri, a brain-eating amoeba, thrives in lakes and rivers with aquatic vegetation and causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in humans. Most recently, it has become such a serious problem that N. fowleri was detected in tap water in Houston, USA. Several pathogenic factors are considered very important to destroy target cells in the brain. In particular, the food-cup where N. fowleri antigen-1 (Nfa1) is located, is strongly expressed in pseudopodia involved in the movement of N. fowleri, and is involved in phagocytosis by attaching to target cells. In this article, we reviewed the role of the Nfa1 protein and its associated pathogenicity. The nfa1 gene was cloned by cDNA library immunoscreening using infection serum and immune serum. Nfa1 protein is mainly distributed in pseudopodia important to movement and vacuoles. Moreover, heat shock protein 70, cathepsin-like proteare and Nf-actin are also associated with pseudopodia in which Nfa1 is localized. Interestingly, the amount of the nfa1 gene changed as N. fowleri trophozoites transformed into cysts. Polyclonal antiserum against Nfa1 showed a protective effect against cytotoxicity of approximately 19.7%. Nfa1-specific IgA antibodies prevent N. fowleri trophozoites from adhering to the nasal mucosa, delaying invasion. The nfa1-vaccinated mice showed significantly higher levels of Nfa1-specific antibody. The duration of anti-Nfa1 IgG in the vaccinated mice lasted 12 weeks, strongly suggesting that nfa1 is a significant pathogenic gene and that Nfa1 is a pathogenic protein. Several factors related to pseudopodia and locomotion have been linked to Nfa1. A clearer function of N. fowleri targeting nfa1 with other genes might enable target-based inhibition of N. fowleri pathogenicity.

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Abstract
Introduction
Identification of nfa1 gene/Nfa1 protein using infection and immune sera
Analysis of basic components and functions of Nfa1 protein
RNAi showed that Nfa1 is a pathogenic factor
Effects of immunization with the recombinant Nfa1 (rNfa1) protein
DNA vaccine expressing nfa1 gene and application of lentiviral vector system
Several proteins including heat shock protein, cathepsin B, and other excretory proteins are involved in host cell invasion by pseudopodia
Nf-actin gene concerned with contact-dependent mechanisms in N. fowleri
Encystation of N. fowleri induced changes in nfa1 gene expression
Transcriptome profiling of N. fowleri revealed several genes involved in cellular mechanisms and immune responses
Conclusion
References

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