본 연구에서는 조선시대 사찰 토벽화인 <습득도>의 보존처리를 위해 손상 현황에 대한 사전 조사와 함께 벽체 보강, 채색층 안정화 등 재료 및 적용 기술에 대한 사전 검증을 실시하였으며, 이를 토대로 수행된 보존처리 결과를 제시하였다. 대상 벽화의 손상상태, 벽체 구조, 과거 보존처리 방법 및 재료, 보존처리 재료 선정을 위한 조사 결과, 메움제 실험에서는 도박풀과 아교를 혼합하여 제작한 메움제의 물성이 보존처리에 적합한 것으로 확인되었다. 채색층 고착제 실험에서는 아교 1%, 2%, MC수용액 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 아교 2%와 MC수용액 2%(중량비1:1)를 혼합한 고착제가 색도 변화에 안정적이었다. 조사 결과를 바탕으로, 벽체의 파손부를 보강하고 접합된 편을 지지하는 용도의 메움제는 도박풀과 아교를 혼합하고 벽체 층위를 구분하여 적용하였으며, 균열부위는 벽체에서 수습한 토양 파편을 혼합한 메움제로 보강하였다. 채색층 강화처리에는 색도 변화가 가장 적은 아교 1%, 2%를 적용하였으며, 벽화면 페이싱은 MC수용액 0.3%, 0.5%를 사용하되, 증류수로 습식세척하여 페이싱 잔여물이 남지 않도록 조치하였다. 두께가 두꺼운 채색층 박리부위에 대한 고착처리는 아교 2%와 MC수용액 2%를 혼합하여 주사기로 주입 후 안착하였다. 보존처리 결과, 벽체에서 탈락한 138점의 파편에 대한 접합 및 복원을 완료하였고, 채색층 강화처리 전·후의 색도를 비교하여 고착제의 안정성을 검증하였다. 과학적 검증을 통하여 선정한 재료를 보존처리에 적용함으로써 보다 효과적인 보존처리를 실시할 수 있었다.
In this study, a preliminary verification of materials and application technologies such as wall reinforcement and stabilization of the colored layer was conducted along with a preliminary investigation on the current status of damage for the conservation treatment of <Shide>, a earthen wall painting of a temple during the Joseon Dynasty, and the results of the conservation treatment were presented based on this. As a result of the investigation for the selection of the target mural's damage status, wall structure, past conservation treatment methods and materials, and conservation treatment materials, it was confirmed that the physical properties of the filling agent made by mixing gambling glue and glue were suitable for conservation treatment in the filling agent experiment. In the colored layer fixing agent experiment, 1% of glue, 2%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% of MC. aqueous solution and 2% of MC. aqueous solution (weight ratio 1:1) were mixed with the adhesive agent used to reinforce the damaged part of the wall and support the bonded side, and the filling agent was applied by mixing gambling glue and glue and separating the layer of the wall, and the crack area was reinforced with a filling agent mixed with soil fragments recovered from the wall. 1% and 2% of glue with the least chromatic change were applied to the color layer reinforcement treatment, and 0.3% and 0.5% of MC. aqueous solution were used for wall screen facing, but it was wet-washed with distilled water to prevent any pacing residue. The fixing treatment for the peeling part of the colored layer with a thick thickness was settled after injecting 2% of glue and 2% of MC. aqueous solution with a syringe. As a result of the conservation treatment, bonding and restoration of 138 fragments that fell off the wall were completed, and the stability of the fixing agent was verified by comparing the chromaticity before and after the reinforcement treatment of the colored layer. By applying the material selected through scientific verification to the conservation treatment, more effective conservation treatment could be performed.