Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil isolated from Cupressus arizonica Greene fruits

Sajad Fakhri; Safoora Jafarian; Mohammad Bagher Majnooni; Mohammad Hosein Farzaei; Ehsan Mohammadi-Noori; Haroon Khan

doi:10.3344/kjp.2022.35.1.33

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저자정보: Sajad Fakhri (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences) Safoora Jafarian (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences) Mohammad Bagher Majnooni (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences) Mohammad Hosein Farzaei (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences) Ehsan Mohammadi-Noori (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences) Haroon Khan (Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan)

저널정보: 대한통증학회 The Korean Journal of Pain The Korean Journal of Pain 제35권 제1호

발행연도: 2022.1

수록면: 33 - 42 (10page)

DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.1.33

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Background: Cupressus arizonica Greene is a coniferous tree with great importance in fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. Essential oils from C. arizonica (EC) have shown potential antioxidant, and anti-microbial activities. This study aimed at investigating the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects/mechanisms of EC. Methods: The EC was evaluated for anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities on male Wistar rats using a formalin test and carrageenan-induced paw edema, respectively. Also, we pre-treated some of the animals with naloxone and flumazenil in the formalin test to find out the possible contributions of opioid and benzodiazepine receptors to EC anti-nociceptive effects. Finally, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was used to identify the EC’s constituents. Results: EC in intraperitoneal doses of 0.5 and 1 g/kg significantly decrease the nociceptive responses in both early and late phases of the formalin test. From a mechanistic point of view, flumazenil administration 20 minutes before the most effective dose of EC (1 g/kg) showed a meaningful reduction in the associated antinociceptive responses during the early and late phases of the formalin test. Naloxone also reduced the anti-nociceptive role of EC in the late phase. Furthermore, EC at the doses of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 g/kg significantly reduced paw edema from 0.5 hours after carrageenan injection to 4 hours. GC/MS analysis showed that isolated EC is a monoterpene-rich oil with the major presence of α-pinene (71.92%), myrcene (6.37%), δ-3-carene (4.68%), β-pinene (3.71%), and limonene (3.34%). Conclusions: EC showed potent anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities with the relative involvement of opioid and benzodiazepine receptors.

#Analgesics #Opioid #Anti-Inflammatory Agents #Antioxidants #Cupressus #Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry #Inflammation #Oils #Volatile #Pain Measurement #Rats #Wistar #Receptors #GABA-A.

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