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초록· 키워드
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『Samgukyusa』 takes note of the record of ‘Gojoseon’ dynasty not as ‘Dangun myth’ but as ‘Gojoseon nation's founding invocation’. This nation's founding invocation is composed of Hwanwoong's ‘Shinsi invocation’ and Dangun's ‘Gojoseon nation's founding invocation’. To understand the formation of Gojoseon culture, it is necessary to handle with emphasis on ‘Shinsi invocation’ which comprises the basis. A sequential observation of the world view, geographical location, ruling system, livelihood style and cultural assets depicted in Shinsi invocation reveals its close association with ‘Hongsan culture’:
1) The world view of Shinsi, well reflected in the ideology of ‘Hongik Ingan’ i.e., ‘Wide Benefit to Human’, is a nature-friendly ideology that seeks to give benefit to human in all aspects. In view of jade container of Hongsan culture, it not only depicted various living things widely but also proclaimed commensal life ideology through embryonic cereal jade that all living things deserve respect equally.
2) The geographic location of Shinsi boils down to Samyui Taebaek and Taebaek mountain Shindansu. Shisi was the name of a country while being the name of capital located in the mountain. Judging from the local relics of Hongsan culture, it is presumed that the location of Shinsi is the lapidary castle relic in the mountain or the Wuharyang relics that accommodates altar type stone-heaped tomb and circular altar.
3) As for the ruling system, Shinsi ruled its people by following reasons under the administrative system of 3 executives and 5 ministers ; a highly detail-oriented and well-planned administrative system. Therefore, Wuharyang which is the central area of Hongsan culture and intensively accommodates cultural assets is assumed as the capital of Shinsi.
4) The livelihood of Shinsi is centered around agricultural life. Judging from the identity of agricultural god, the agricultural life of the area was mostly based on dry-field farming rather than wet-field farming, and by teaching farming methods to the people, they cultivated a settlement culture. Judging from the relics of group community and the plowshare and hoe etc made of stones in Hongsan culture area, it is noted that the culture was flourishing with settlement culture and agricultural culture.
5) The cultural assets of Shinsi involves formation of community by the altar for service to heavenly being by priest and settlement life, and belief in eternal life. While the colossal altar and stone-heaped tomb of Hongsan culture is to the ritual of service to heavenly being, the relics of community is to settlement culture, and cereal jade relics is to the belief culture of eternal life.
The ancient record of China and the heritage of Hongsan culture testifies the reality of Shinsi, which is called ‘Gunja country’ and ‘Bulsa country’. A representative of such relics is jade container culture. Jade is gem that symbolizes the value of ‘sagacious person’, a mystical stone inspiring life to human, and pursues ‘living for eternity’. Jade culture is a representative relics that symbolizes the Shinsi culture of Hwanwoong. However, goddess temple relics was not identified with jade container but only with earthenware. This indicates that this culture is a non?main stream culture formed in an independent stream different from the main stream of Hongsan culture.
Therefore, the goddess temple may be counted as the cultural asset of Woongnyo?bear woman from the matriarchal line that joined Shinsi's ancient country's Hongsan culture of Hwanwoong, the patriarchal line while being the main culture. Therefore, Hongsan culture area can be quoted as the central area of Gojoseon's national founding accomplished with Woongnyo's tribe while being the capital of Shinsi built up by Hwanwoong.
1) The world view of Shinsi, well reflected in the ideology of ‘Hongik Ingan’ i.e., ‘Wide Benefit to Human’, is a nature-friendly ideology that seeks to give benefit to human in all aspects. In view of jade container of Hongsan culture, it not only depicted various living things widely but also proclaimed commensal life ideology through embryonic cereal jade that all living things deserve respect equally.
2) The geographic location of Shinsi boils down to Samyui Taebaek and Taebaek mountain Shindansu. Shisi was the name of a country while being the name of capital located in the mountain. Judging from the local relics of Hongsan culture, it is presumed that the location of Shinsi is the lapidary castle relic in the mountain or the Wuharyang relics that accommodates altar type stone-heaped tomb and circular altar.
3) As for the ruling system, Shinsi ruled its people by following reasons under the administrative system of 3 executives and 5 ministers ; a highly detail-oriented and well-planned administrative system. Therefore, Wuharyang which is the central area of Hongsan culture and intensively accommodates cultural assets is assumed as the capital of Shinsi.
4) The livelihood of Shinsi is centered around agricultural life. Judging from the identity of agricultural god, the agricultural life of the area was mostly based on dry-field farming rather than wet-field farming, and by teaching farming methods to the people, they cultivated a settlement culture. Judging from the relics of group community and the plowshare and hoe etc made of stones in Hongsan culture area, it is noted that the culture was flourishing with settlement culture and agricultural culture.
5) The cultural assets of Shinsi involves formation of community by the altar for service to heavenly being by priest and settlement life, and belief in eternal life. While the colossal altar and stone-heaped tomb of Hongsan culture is to the ritual of service to heavenly being, the relics of community is to settlement culture, and cereal jade relics is to the belief culture of eternal life.
The ancient record of China and the heritage of Hongsan culture testifies the reality of Shinsi, which is called ‘Gunja country’ and ‘Bulsa country’. A representative of such relics is jade container culture. Jade is gem that symbolizes the value of ‘sagacious person’, a mystical stone inspiring life to human, and pursues ‘living for eternity’. Jade culture is a representative relics that symbolizes the Shinsi culture of Hwanwoong. However, goddess temple relics was not identified with jade container but only with earthenware. This indicates that this culture is a non?main stream culture formed in an independent stream different from the main stream of Hongsan culture.
Therefore, the goddess temple may be counted as the cultural asset of Woongnyo?bear woman from the matriarchal line that joined Shinsi's ancient country's Hongsan culture of Hwanwoong, the patriarchal line while being the main culture. Therefore, Hongsan culture area can be quoted as the central area of Gojoseon's national founding accomplished with Woongnyo's tribe while being the capital of Shinsi built up by Hwanwoong.
목차
Ⅰ. 고조선 ‘사료’의 신화적 인식 극복
Ⅱ. 신시본풀이로 본 ‘신시문화’의 정체성과 홍산문화
Ⅲ. 신시고국의 문화적 정체성과 홍산문화의 친연성
Ⅳ. 신시고국의 홍산문화에서 이룩한 고조선문화
〈참고문헌〉
〈abstract〉
참고문헌 (58)
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