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The Formation of a Japanese View of Ancient History and the Writing of Textbooks
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日本 古代史像의 형성과 敎科書 서술

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
The Korean History Education Society The Korean History Education Review Vol.71 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
1999.9
Pages
85 - 129 (45page)

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The Formation of a Japanese View of Ancient History and the Writing of Textbooks
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This paper aims at showing how a Japanese view of ancient history which had a great impact upon the writing of history textbooks had been formed by analysing the history textbooks published since the beginning of the modern period.
Foreign relations, particularly Japan's relations with the Korean peninsula played a key role in the formation of Japanese view of ancient history. Stimulated by rice cultivating culture introduced from the southern part of the Korean peninsula in the 3rd century B. C. local political entities began to emerge as agricultural communities. Japan's prolonged relations with Korea continued since then, and various groups in the center and peripheries tried every effort to import advanced culture from the Korean peninsula. After the 4th century A. D. Japan's previous relations with Korea maintained by the local powerfuls had been incorporated into state-level relations handled by the Yamato government.
Japan's relations with the Korean peninsular began with the contacts between northern Kyushu and the Kaya countries in the southern part of the Korean peninsula. The Yamato government established its relations with Paekche in the late 4th century, and the relations between two countries expanded rapidly. The transmission of culture went hand in hand with the emigration of people, and this had been accelerated by political turmoil in the countries of East Asia. Prolonged wars forced the countries in the peninsula to engage actively in having military relations with Japan.
Japan's view of its own history had been formed in this historical process. The fact that the countries in the peninsula wanted to have Japan as their military alley and Japan actually provided military aid to Paekche helped Japan have a sense of its own superiority to the countries in Korea. Japanese animosity toward Silla played a decisive role in the formation of Japan's view of ancient history. Japan's hatred against Silla intensified particularly after its failed attempt to restore the Paekche kingdom. Japanese uneasiness for Silla grew as the latter emerged as a strong power in East Asia. In this historical context the myth of Empress Jingu's conquest of Korea came into being. The myth emerged in ancient times played a significant role in forming Japanese attitude toward Korea throughout Japanese history.
Japan's view of ancient history had been handed down to the Japanese of the following medieval and early modern periods. When the emperor emerged as a real power after the Meiji Restoration, this view of ancient history had been revived. Strongly influenced by this view of ancient history, many of Meiji leaders advocated the military action against indignant Korea and ignited the seikanron controversy. Pro-government scholars also contributed to the strengthening of this view of ancient history. The period of Japanese invasion and colonial rule of Korea witnessed the culmination of this historical view. Since this historical view had been taught at schools, it became more common for Japanese people to have a sense of their own superiority to Korea.
Empress Jingu's conquest of Korea, the so-called Japanese colony in Southern Korea and the immigration of Korean people into Japan occupied a prominent position in the writing of Japan's modern history textbooks. Japan tried to overcome the emperor-centered view of history after its defeat in the Second World War, but the description of early Korea changed little. A significant change in the writing of history textbooks took place in the 1980s, and previous views of ancient history had been revised considerably.
Japanese views of early Korean history began to be formed in the development of Japan's historical relations with the countries in the Korean peninsula. These views had been firmly established by the emperor ideology of the ritsuryo state. The fact that later Japanese views of Korea had been influenced by these historical views shows peculiar historical relations Korea and Japan had maintained.

Contents

1. 서언
2. 古代史像의 생성과 변천
3. 90년대 교과서의 古代史 서술과 古代史像
4. 결어
Abstract

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