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논문 기본 정보
- 자료유형
- 학술저널
- 저자정보
- 저널정보
- 한국의학물리학회 의학물리 의학물리 제28권 제4호
- 발행연도
- 2017.12
- 수록면
- 135 - 143 (9page)
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.14316/pmp.2017.28.4.135
이용수
초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) imaging is a method to detect solutes based on the chemical exchange of mobile protons with water. The solute protons exchange with three different patterns, which are fast, slow, and intermediate rates. The CEST contrast can be obtained from the exchangeable protons, which are hydroxyl protons, amine protons, and amide protons. The CEST MR imaging is useful to evaluate tumors, strokes, and other diseases. The purpose of this study is to review the mathematical model for CEST imaging and for measurement of the chemical exchange rate, and to measure the chemical exchange rate using a 3T MRI system on several amino acids. We reviewed the mathematical models for the proton exchange. Several physical models are proposed to demonstrate a two-pool, three-pool, and four-pool models. The CEST signals are also evaluated by taking account of the exchange rate, pH and the saturation efficiency. Although researchers have used most commonly in the calculation of CEST asymmetry, a quantitative analysis is also developed by using Lorentzian fitting. The chemical exchange rate was measured in the phantoms made of asparagine (Asn), glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine (Gly), and myoinositol (MI). The experiment was performed at a 3T human MRI system with three different acidity conditions (pH 5.6, 6.2, and 7.4) at a concentration of 50 mM. To identify the chemical exchange rate, the “lsqcurvefit” built-in function in MATLAB was used to fit the pseudo-first exchange rate model. The pseudo-first exchange rate of Asn and Gly was increased with decreasing acidity. In the case of GABA, the largest result was observed at pH 6.2. For Glu, the results at pH 5.6 and 6.2 did not show a significant difference, and the results at pH 7.4 were almost zero. For MI, there was no significant difference at pH 5.6 or 7.4, however, the results at pH 6.2 were smaller than at the other pH values. For the experiment at 3T, we were only able to apply 1 s as the maximum saturation duration due to the limitations of the MRI system. The measurement of the chemical exchange rate was limited in a clinical 3T MRI system because of a hardware limitation.
목차
등록된 정보가 없습니다.
참고문헌 (34)
참고문헌 신청
V. Guivel-Scharen / 1998 / Detect ion of proton chemical exchange between metabolites and water in biological tissues / J Magn Reson 133:36~45
K. M. Ward / 2000 / A new class of contrast agents for MRI based on proton chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer (CEST) / J Magn Reson 143:79~87
O. Millet / 2000 / The Static Magnetic Field Dependence of Chemical Exchange Linebroadening Defines the NMR Chemical Shift Time Scale / Journal of the American Chemical Society 122:2867~2877
R. G. Spencer / 2000 / Measurement of spinlattice relaxation times and concentrations in systems with chemical exchange using the one-pulse sequence:breakdown of the Ernst model for partial saturation in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy / J Magn Reson 142:120~135
P. C. van Zijl / 2007 / MRI detection of glycogen in vivo by using chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging (glycoCEST) / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:4359~4364
K. M. Ward / 2000 / A new class of contrast agents for MRI based on proton chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer (CEST) / J Magn Reson 143:79~87
O. Millet / 2000 / The Static Magnetic Field Dependence of Chemical Exchange Linebroadening Defines the NMR Chemical Shift Time Scale / Journal of the American Chemical Society 122:2867~2877
R. G. Spencer / 2000 / Measurement of spinlattice relaxation times and concentrations in systems with chemical exchange using the one-pulse sequence:breakdown of the Ernst model for partial saturation in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy / J Magn Reson 142:120~135
P. C. van Zijl / 2007 / MRI detection of glycogen in vivo by using chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging (glycoCEST) / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:4359~4364
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