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The Meaning of Gaozi's Maxim and Mengzi's Criticisms
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고자의 16자 격률의 의미와 그에 대한 맹자의 비판에 관하여

논문 기본 정보

Type
Academic journal
Author
Myeong-seok Kim (연세대학교)
Journal
고려대학교 철학연구소 철학연구 철학연구 제64호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2021.10
Pages
1 - 37 (37page)

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The Meaning of Gaozi's Maxim and Mengzi's Criticisms
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The two halves of Gaozi’s maxim, “What you do not get from words (yan 言), do not seek in the heart (xin 心); what you do not get from the heart, do not seek in the vital energy (qi 氣),” respectively mean the following: 1) one can find correct ethical principles through intellectual activities of examining one’s own and other people’s arguments, and one does not have to seek the principles that are not acquired this way in non-intellectual activities or functions of the mind (viz. the heart); and 2) one does not have to seek support for moral action from one’s vital energy even though one does not find sufficient moral motivation in one’s mind. The first half of Gaozi’s maxim is intertwined with his doctrine that rightness is external (yi wai 義外), in other words, the view that correct ethical principles are primarily acquired through one’s moral judgments and inferences based on moral perception of the ethical qualities that external objects are supposed to possess in ethical contexts. Mengzi criticizes this view by saying that Gaozi is so much preoccupied with the external that he neglects the importance of the internal, or more specifically, that Gaozi does not see that moral emotions, such as compassion, respect, and shame and dislike, make a crucial source of ethical principles as important constituents of the mind. In the second half of his maxim, on the other hand, Gaozi completely denies the role that the vital energy plays in one’s moral practice. Mengzi also criticizes this view by saying that Gaozi underestimates the power of threats or temptations one will likely encounter in the course of moral practice, and that moral motivation must be cultivated and strengthened by accumulating the flood-like qi, which grows out of the satisfaction one feels with one’s own moral actions.
#고자(?子) #맹자(孟子) #말(言) #마음(心) #기(氣) #부동심(不動心) #의외(義外) #Gaozi #Mengzi #words #heart #vital energy #unperturbed mind #externality of rightness

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