최근 동종 산업에서 프랜차이즈 브랜드가 증가하고 공식적인 계약이 표준화되면서 가맹본부의 지원, 명성, 영업성과 등의 차이가 줄어들었다. 그러다보니 가맹점은 동종 산업에서 다른 프랜차이즈 브랜드로 전환하는 것이 쉬워졌으며, 가맹본부와 가맹점 간의 관계에서 발생하는 특유자산이나 신뢰 수준이 재계약 의사에 미치는 영향 또한 과거에 비해 감소하였다. 이에 따라, 본 연구는 가맹점과 가맹본부 간 관계에서 가맹점의 재계약 의사에 영향을 미치는 요인을 가맹점의 개별적인 특성에서 살펴보았다. 동종 산업에서 다양한 프랜차이즈 브랜드가 존재하고 진입장벽이 낮고 위험이 높은 업종인 외식산업을 선정하여 본 연구를 진행하였다. 가맹점주의 성향을 향상 초점(promotion focus)과 예방 초점(prevention focus)으로 구분하고, 이러한 개별적 성향이 관계 몰입에 미치는 영향, 그리고 관계 몰입이 재계약 의도와 다점포 운영의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 가맹점주의 성향이 향상초점을 형성하는 경우 정서적 몰입과 관계적 몰입에 각각 정(+)의 영향을, 가맹점주의 성향이 예방초점을 형성하는 경우 정서적 몰입과 관계적 몰입에 각각 부(–)의 영향을, 가맹점의 가맹본부에 대한 정서적 몰입은 재계약 의도와 다점포 운영의도에 각각 정(+)의 영향을, 가맹점의 가맹본부에 대한 계산적 몰입은 재계약 의도와 다점포 운영의도에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 연구 내용을 바탕으로 이론적 · 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다.
Purpose: As franchise brands have recently increased in the same industry and formal contracts have been standardized, the difference in support, reputation, and sales performance of franchisor has narrowed. As a result, it has become easier for franchisees to switch to other franchise brands in the same industry, and the influence of the unique assets or trust level arising from the relationship between franchise headquarters and franchisees on the intention to renew contracts has also decreased compared to the past. Accordingly, this study examined the factors affecting the franchisee’s willingness to renew the contract in the relationship between the franchisee and the franchisor, from the individual characteristics of the franchisee.
Research design, data, and methodology: This study was conducted by selecting the food service industry, which has a variety of franchise brands in the same industry and has low entry barriers and high risk. The characteristic of the franchisee was divided into promotion focus and prevention focus, and the effect of this individual characteristics on relationship commitment and the effect of relationship commitment on contract renewal intention and multi-store operation intention were examined. We postulated that the promotion focus has a positive impact on affective commitment (H1), has a positive impact on calculative commitment (H2), the prevention focus has a negative impact on affective commitment (H3), has a negative impact on calculative commitment (H4). And we postulated that the affective commitment has a positive impact on renewal and multi-store operation intention (H5, H6), the calculative commitment has a negative impact on renewal and multi-store operation intention (H7, H8).
Results and Conclusions: To verify the research model and hypothesis, we first run a CFA to test the validity and reliability of the proposed model. Overall, the verification results show that the measurement model exhibits acceptable fit of the Model (χ²=242.1, df=155, Q=1.56, RMR=0.04, RMSEA=0.06, GFI=0.86, TLI=0.90, CFI=0.92). It is confirmed that all measurement items are representative of the unit of study, with average variance extracted values and composite reliability values exceeding the acceptable levels of 0.5 and 0.7 respectively. To verify the proposed research model and hypothesis, the author utilized the structural equation model. Most of the model fit indices were accepted as a result of the analysis (χ²=254.90, df=161, Q=1.58, RMR=0.05, RMSEA=0.06, GFI=0.86, TLI=0.90, CFI=0.91). All of hypotheses were supported and are shown in the table below.
[표 본문 참조]
Overall, this study introduces the individual characteristics of the franchisee that have not been adequately explained by previous studies, and suggested practical and academic implications through this empirical research results.