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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
소형근 (서울신대)
저널정보
한국구약학회 구약논단 구약논단 제26권 제4호 통권78집
발행연도
2020.12
수록면
66 - 93 (28page)

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초록· 키워드

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The purpose of this thesis is to study the aspects of ancient Israel’s judicial organizations by examining the criteria for selection of judges and their code of ethics in the Old Testament.
There were three types of judges in the society of ancient Israel; First, judges as representatives of the community (pater familias, judges, king, elders), second, judges as religious leaders (priests, Levites), and third, judges as appointed officials (high officials and shopheṭ as professional judge). When these judges were selected, a standard draft was provided with specific informations in Exodus 18 and Deuteronomy 1. According to Exodus 18, Moses, the first judge in the wilderness era, must conduct legal education and select capable persons as judges. In Exodus 18, capable persons must firstly fear God, secondly be sincere, and thirdly hate unrighteous interests. They even delegated the duties of commanders of the army to these judges. The criteria for the selection of judges in Deuteronomy 1 were delegated to each tribe to select the recognized and knowledgeable persons, unlike the mention of legal education in Exodus 18. They were first appointed as heads and among these the heads of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens were selected, and shared the roles as judges and administrators in the court.
For these appointed judges, the codes of ethics appear in Deuteronomy 1 and 16 and 2 Chronicles 19. Deuteronomy 1 is the code of ethics proposed by Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses, and presupposes that the judgment of the Israelites and the Gentiles should be equally conducted for a fair judgment (v. 16). The code of ethics presented in Deuteronomy 1 is firstly not to look at appearance, secondly to listen to the small and the great alike, and thirdly not to be afraid of the face of any. By the code of ethics for the judges, suggested by Moses, in order to judge the people with justice (v. 18) in Deuteronomy 16, judge should not turn aside judgment, discern faces, and take a bribe. According to the code of ethics, presented by Jehoshaphat king of Judah in 2 Chronicles 19, judges firstly consider that judgment should not be on behalf of human beings but on Yahweh’s behalf, secondly let the fear of Yahweh be upon them and take care what they do, thirdly do in the fear of Yahweh with faithfulness and perfect hearts, and fourthly act with courage. Through these criteria for selection of judges and their code of ethics, the ancient Israel community sought after the practice of righteousness and justice.

목차

1. 서론
2. 고대 이스라엘의 법관들
3. 고대 이스라엘의 법관 선발기준
4. 고대 이스라엘의 법관 윤리강령
5. 결론
6. 참고문헌

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