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Pancreatic islet transplantation can corect the abnor-immunosuppressants greatly reduce the acute re-jection rate in transplant patients, the long-term side efects can be debilitating. Therefore, researchers are seeking to develop new immunosuppressive regi-mens that induce maximal levels of imunosuppres-sion with minor side effects. Rosmarinic acid (Ros A) is a secondary metabolite of certain herbs and has mul-tiple biological activities, including anti-inflamatory effects. Here, we have investigated whether treatment monoclonal antibody (MR1) improves islet allograft survival in a murine model. After transplantation, the mice were treated with either Ros A, MR1, or both (the "double" treatment). Alograft survival was prolonged in the double-treated animals compared to animals that received only Ros A or MR1. As is the case with the single-treated animals at 15 days after transplantation, the double-treated recipients did not display a sig-nificant decrease in the expression of cytokines or the ls. Infiltrating CD3+ T cells were reduced in the MR1- or double therapy relative to control or RosA group. However, at the same time point, double-treated graft showed fewer apoptotic cells and increased expression of insulin and gluca-gons, compared to the single-treatment groups. Fur-thermore, long-term (> 150 days) alografts that were received with double therapy exhibited larger islet clusters and contained more insulin- and gluca-conclusion, treatment with both Ros A and MR1 has a synergistic efect in murine islet allotransplantation.

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