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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국18세기영문학회 18세기영문학 18세기영문학 제13권 제2호
발행연도
2016.1
수록면
31 - 63 (33page)

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This essay conceives Gulliver’s madness in Gulliver’s Travels as a psychotic symptom of melancholia that Sigmund Freud explores in “Mourning and Melancholia,” and suggests that Gulliver’s madness paradoxically sheds a light on the disturbing truth of humanity, because a melancholic has “a keener eye for the truth than other people who are not melancholic,” as Freud avers. Freud explains that a melancholic subject does not invest the libido that is withdrawn from the loss of object onto other object(s) as in normal cases but brings it back on him/herself, and then uses it in identifying with the abandoned object in a narcissistic or regressive identification, while his/her ambivalent feeling toward the object, particularly the feeling of hate, turns back into him/herself that is identified with the lost object. Thus self-criticism, a significant symptom of melancholia that often leads to suicide, comes from the structural powerlessness of a melancholic subject confronting the loss of the loved object. Gulliver’s depressed state after he reluctantly leaves the Houyhnhnmland mostly derives from his loss of the loved object Houyhnhnm. As a melancholic subject, Gulliver invests the withdrawn libido, which was cathected with the ideal horse, in himself and uses it in identifying with the Houyhnhnm, while his ambivalent feeling toward Houyhnhnms comes back to himself as now identified with them, and generates the hatred of both himself and humanity. The outbreak of melancholia in Gulliver just when he is abandoned by the Houyhnhnms is not unexpected considering the fact that he has formerly relied on the mechanism of narcissistic identification in Brobdingnag. Book 4 achieves a climax in his disenchantment with humanity particularly since Houyhnhnmland has a double structure that is composed of Houyhnhnm and Yahoo and his narcissistic identification with Houyhnhnm becomes proportionately more violent with his denial of being a Yahoo. Gulliver’s madness as a satirical weapon against human absurdity hints at the unique nature of literature whereby a truth is sometimes revealed only through madness.

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