본 연구는 한국교육종단연구 2013 1~4차년도 데이터를 활용하여, 초5부터 중2까지의 학생들의 교사관계, 교우관계, 부모관계, 진로성숙도가 공동체의식에 미치는 종단적 영향과 진로성숙도의 매개효과를 밝히고자 하였다. 본 연구는 다변량 잠재성장모형을 적용하여 분석하였으며 주요한 연구결과는다음과 같다. 첫째, 초기 청소년의 교우관계, 부모관계, 공동체의식 중 타인배려는 증가하는 경향성을, 교사관계, 진로성숙도, 공동체의식 중 참여의식은 감소하는 경향성을 보였다. 둘째, 교사관계, 교우관계, 부모관계, 진로성숙도는 공동체의식의 하위 요인인 참여의식과 타인배려에 직접적인 영향을 주었다. 참여의식 초기값에는 교사관계 초기값, 교우관계 초기값, 진로성숙도 초기값이 정적인 영향을 미치며, 참여의식 변화율에는 교사관계 변화율과 부모관계 변화율, 진로성숙도 변화율이 정적인 영향을, 교우관계 초기값과 교우관계 변화율은 부적인 영향을 미쳤다. 타인배려 초기값에는 교사관계 초기값, 교우관계 초기값, 진로성숙도 초기값이 정적인 영향을 미치며, 타인배려 변화율에는 교우관계 초기값과 변화율이 정적인 영향을, 교사관계 초기값과 변화율, 부모관계 초기값과 변화율은 부적인 영향을미쳤다. 셋째, 초기 청소년기의 교사관계, 교우관계, 부모관계는 진로성숙도를 매개로 공동체의식의 하위 요인인 참여의식과 타인배려에 영향을 주었다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 후속연구 및 학교 현장에서의 시사점을 논하였다.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the longitudinal relationship the among teacher relationship, peer relationship, parental relationship, career maturity and sense of community of adolescents. This longitudinal study was applied to the KELS 2013(Korea Education Longitudinal Study 2013) panel data from 1st to 4th wave (5-8th grade). This study was analyzed by applying the multivariate latent growth model. The main results of the study are as follows. First, there was a proclivity to increase tendency among other peers, parental relationships, and participation consciousness from the sense of community among early adolescents, and to decrease tendency among teachers relationship, career maturity, and caring consciousness from the sense of community. Second, teacher relationship, peer relationship, parental relationship, and career maturity directly affected the participation consciousness and caring consciousness that are sub-factors of the sense of community. The initial value of participation consciousness had been a statistically significant effect on the initial value of the teacher relationship, the initial value of the fellowship, and the initial value of career maturity. The rate of participation consciousness change had been a statistically significant effected on the change of teacher relationship, parental relationship, and career maturity, the initial value and the rate of change of fellowship had a negative influence. In the initial value of caring consciousness, the initial value of the teacher relationship, the initial value of the fellowship relationship, and the initial value of the career maturity had a statistically significant effect. There was a statistically significant effect of the initial value and the rate of change of the peer relationship on the rate of the change of caring consciousness, and the initial value and the rate of change of the teacher relationship, the initial value of the parent relationship and the rate of change had negative effects on the caring consciousness. Third, teacher relations, peer relationships, and parental relationships in early adolescence influenced participation consciousness and caring consciousness that are sub-factors of the sense of community through mediation of career maturity. Based on the results of this study, we discussed the implications for follow-up research and school activities.