본 연구는 사회적 인지이론을 토대로 학습에 대한 지원이 직무성과로 이어질 수 있다는 것을 명확히 하려는 목적에서 수행되어졌다. 이를 위해 학습지원이 직무성과의 의미가 반영된 적응수행에 미치는 영향력을 규명하고자 하였으며 학습지원은 상사, 동료 그리고 조직으로 구분하였다. 학습지원이 적응수행으로 이어지는 과정을 사회적 인지이론의 핵심개념인 자기권능감으로 설명하였다. 학습지원, 자기권능감 그리고 적응수행과 관한 문헌을 검토하였으며 직접효과와 매개효과 가설을 설정하였다. 광주지역 소재 제조업과 서비스업종 기업들에서 근무하고 있는 조직구성원들을 대상으로 설문지를 수거하여 가설을 검증하였는데 총 257부를 최종분석에 활용하였다. 동일방법편의의 문제를 고려하여 적응수행은 상사가 응답하도록 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상사, 동료 학습지원은 자기권능감을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 조직 학습지원의 영향력은 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 자기권능감은 적응수행을 높이고 있었다. 셋째, 자기권능감은 상사, 동료학습지원이 적응수행으로 이어지는 과정에서 매개역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 조직 학습지원은 적응수행에 직접적으로 긍정적 영향력이 나타나고 있었다. 본 연구결과를 통해 자기권능감은 상사 학습지원과 동료 학습지원이 적응수행에 미치는 영향력을 매개하는 것을 확인하였다. 즉, 상사나 동료로 부터의 학습지원이 자기권능감을 높일 수 있으며 높아진 자기권능감을 통해 적응수행으로 이어질 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 반면에 조직 학습지원은 적응수행에 직접적 영향력만이 나타났다. 즉, 사회적 교환관계 차원에서 이에 따른 상응한 보답으로 인지적 측면에서의 잘 수행하고자 하는 가능성 보다는 실질적인 결과로 호혜적 균형을 맞출 수 있다는 것으로 설명할 수 있다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 토대로 학습지원이 적응수행의 중요한 선행변수라는 것을 확인하였으므로 실무적 차원에서 학습에 대한 지원 정도를 높이는 것이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 학습지원이 적응수행으로 이어지는 과정에서 자기권능감의 매개역할을 통해 이론적 측면에서 사회적 인지이론의 개인의 전문성과 적응성 측면을 반영한 직무성과 차원에서도 설명이 가능하다는 것을 규명하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
While traditional research has generally defined transfer as the use of the trained skills or the effectiveness in applying the training more recent work has embraced the notion that the trainee is an active participant in learning and transfer. Consistent with this perspective, we view transfer as a series of choices that trainees make to discard, maintain, apply, or modify trained knowledge and skills in their work context. Many empirical studies have been conducted examining the relationship between predictor constructs and transfer outcomes. A researcher(Blume et al., 2010) conducted a meta-analysis of this empirical research and showed that certain individual difference factors such as conscientiousness and certain contextual factors such as supervisory support predict transfer outcomes such as use and effectiveness. In addition, they found that pre- and post-training interventions had small effects on transfer outcomes. Also found evidence that most predictor variables had stronger relationships to transfer when the focus of training was on open as opposed to closed skills. Because of behavioral science research in general, and transfer of training in particular, has prompted increasing concerns about the applicability of findings to the problems of most pressing and substantive interest such as does not verifying the relationship between learning support and workplace environmental change, job performance. Based on these arguments, the aim of this research was to investigate the effects of perceived learning support on the employees’ adaptive performance. Also we test the mediating effects of self-efficacy between those of relationship reflected social cognitive theory perspectives. Perceived learning support divided into three concepts which supervision, coworker and organization components. From a social cognitive perspective(Bandura, 1997), learning and transfer outcomes are determined by individual cognition. One of important cognitive aspects related directly to training motivation and transfer are the individuals’ self-efficacy. Self-efficacy consists of an individual’s belief that they can successfully perform a task. Self-efficacy believed to enhance training motivation, a recognized antecedent of training effectiveness in both meta-analytic and empirical studies. Employees are unlikely to change their behaviour when they believe that they can perform a task in a competent manner, yet perceive that the organization will not respond to their improved performance. For this reason, an extension to current theoretical models is to examine how both training self-efficacy and instrumentality predict training transfer, and to clarify the intervening role of motivation to learn and motivation to transfer. Research on self-efficacy indicates that individuals higher in self-efficacy set more challenging goals for themselves than do individuals with lower self-efficacy. Such individuals are also more likely to be motivated to perform well in training and to transfer newly learned skills to the workplace. I conducted building direct, and mediating effect hypothesis. To test hypothesis, total of 257 questionnaires, multi source which self-report and supervision report, were used for analysis. The results are as follows. First, perceived supervisor and coworker learning support significantly increase self-efficacy. Second, self-efficacy significantly increase adaptive performance. Third, self-efficacy mediate between perceived supervisor, coworker learning support and adaptive performance. Finally, perceived organization learning support directly increase adaptive performance. Based on the results, I suggested social cognitive theory reflected implications of research interest of learning leading to the job performance and practical insight of management and learning invest of company"s effort. The extent to which training self-efficacy predict training outcomes might be contingent on the human development strategies and practices used by the firm. The impact of predictors might be larger for organizations where core training features (e.g. instructional systems design, training evaluation) are present, making thus the performance–outcomes link more explicit.