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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국노인복지학회 노인복지연구 노인복지연구 제15권
발행연도
2002.3
수록면
251 - 271 (21page)

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To secure a space for graveyard in a funeral has become one of the new issues in Korea. This caused the problems of graveyard shortage, destruction of national landscape, inroad of territory, and ecological environment. As the result, Korean traditional funeral and cemetery custom has become one of the most significant problems awaiting solution which we have put a stress on the burial after death. It was a tradition for Korean people to die in their houses and to be buried near their village unless they have any special problems. However, the number of people who die in a hospital and want to be cremated is increasing recently. This means that traditional confucius `Jang Myo culture` or funeral culture has been changed a lot though it was considered to be one of the most difficult matters to revise in the society of paternal family like Korea. There are four typical "Rites of Passage" in Korean which all the people should take during their life. One of these is related to the funeral rite and this is the last rite for Korean people to pass. Considering the fact that Koreans include the memorial services after death in the four rites of passage, we can know that Koreans don`t regard the death as the eternal separation. Even though their bodies have already been dead, their soul, they think, is still living. So the rite for departed soul is occupied in Rites of Passage. The funeral or a memorial service is the system of reminding them of the departed soul. If we consider this reminding system to be important, the importance of the graveyard will be kept among Korean people. Though their ancestors passed away, the next generation keeps the relationship with the departed soul through the memorial services. Rites of departed soul play a chain-like role or connecting the departed soul to the host of funeral. It is not in the vague sky but in the graveyard that the dead stay. The graveyard, therefore, is not only the origin of the worship for their ancestor but the symbol of their expression of the sense of values of the filial piety. It is because of this symbolic sense of the graveyard that the deep rooted custom of funeral in Korea is continued till now. If we want to change this culture of burial-centered funeral and cemetery which has been established since 16c, we should, first of all, find out the new cultural systems which can replace the old way of funeral. Within the range of a sense of values of filial piety in the traditional culture, a new idea must be formed of the graveyard replacing the old symbol of a burial ground. It will need the following prerequisites whether it becomes the park for the memorial or that of tower having the deceased bones. First, we can have the feelings that if we go there we could meet up our ancestors. Second, there should be a chapel where we can practice a group courtesy. Third, we should have a private space like "The Wall For Lamentation". Then, we can replace the old customs of the funeral or the memorial services in the place where the psychological, symbolic, and social functions of the Korean funeral culture would be satisfied. The change of crematory facilities and the funeral rites is needed to remove the negative image connected with the existing cremation. As we mentioned, if we make the standard of the procedure and offer the various models for the grand funeral or memorial service, the new cultural system of funeral and cemetery will be on the right track.

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