이 연구는 초등학교 체육과 교육과정에 제시되어 있는 교육내용 중 교육내용 간 위계성이나 난이도의 구분이 비교적 명확한 체조 활동 중에서 뒤구르기와 손짚고 옆돌기를 초등학교 3학년에서 6학년까지 공통으로 학습하게 하여 학습 효과를 비교·분석해 봄으로써 체육과 교육내용 선정의 기초 자료로 제시하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 연구자가 근무하는 학교의 3, 4, 5, 6학년 각각 1개 반을 선정하여 뒤구르기와 손짚고 옆돌기 수업을 각각 3시간 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 뒤구르기와 손짚고 옆돌기의 사전검사 결과 학년별 남녀 간, 남녀별 학년 간에 평균차이는 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 학년별 남녀별 학습 전·후 간 기능 측정 결과 뒤구르기는 3, 4, 5, 6학년 모두 통계적으로 유의한 평균치 향상이 있었으며, 손짚고 옆돌기는 6학년을 제외한 3, 4, 5학년에서 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 평균치의 향상이 있었다. 셋째, 학습 후 매트운동 기능에 대한 변량 분석 결과, 뒤구르기는 학년 간 통계적으로 유의한 차가 없었으나, 손짚고 옆돌기의 경우 남자는 3, 4학년이 6학년 보다 평균점이 높아 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 여자의 경우 3학년이 6학년보다, 4학년이 5, 6학년 보다 평균점이 높아 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 넷째, 학습 후 학년별 남녀간 매트운동 기능을 비교해 본 결과 뒤구르기, 손짚고 옆돌기 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없어 사전 검사의 차이가 학습 후에도 지속됨을 알 수 있었다. 다섯째, 남녀별 학년 간 기능 변화에 대한 4단계 평정 결과, 뒤구르기가 가능한 학생은 3, 4, 5, 6학년 모두 70%이상이 되었으나, 손짚고 옆돌기는 3, 4학년은 80%가 넘었으나, 5, 6학년의 경우 40% 정도로 낮게 평정 되었다. 학습가능성 측면에서 볼 때, 손짚고 옆돌기는 고학년보다 저학년에 제시되는 것이 더 타당하다고 볼 수 있다.
This study aims to make a comparative analysis of learning effects, after instructing both the backward roll and cartwheel motions, among several gymnastics motions, which are relatively clear in the classification of the rank or the difficulty in the contents of elementary school`s physical education course to third~sixth-year students of elementary school, and then to propose a basic material for the selection of learning contents in physical education course. For that, the researcher selected every one class of third, fourth, fifth and sixth grade at the school where the researcher himself has worked, and gave each 3-hours lessons for backward roll and cartwheel motion. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, from the results of previous checkup of backward roll & cartwheel motions, it`s found that there was no average difference statistically between boys and girls by grade, and among grades by sex. Second, the results of skill measurement by grade, sex, and between before-& after-learning showed that for backward roll motion, there was a significant improvement statistically in the mean value for all the grades, and for cartwheel motion, there was a significant improvement statistically in the mean value for all other grades excluding sixth grade. Third, the results of variate analysis in mat exercise skill after learning showed that for backward roll there was no a significant difference statistically, however in case of cartwheel motion the average marks of third and fourth grade boys was higher than that of sixth grade ones, which means that there was a significant difference statistically, and in case of girls, the average mark of third grade students were higher that of sixth grade ones and that of fourth grade ones were higher than that of fifth and sixth grade ones, which means that there was a significant difference statistically. Fourth, from the results of the comparison of mat movement skill by grade and between boys and girls after learning, it`s found that for both the backward roll and cartwheel motion, there was no significant difference, which means that a difference in prior checkup has still continued after learning. Fifth, from the results of 4-steps evaluation on the changed skill by sex and grade, it`s found that in backward roll motion, the students of more than 70% in every grade could do this motion, however in cartwheel motion, third and fourth grade students of more than 80% could do this motion, but in case of fifth and sixth grade, only about 40% could do this movement.