최근 심야시간에 쇼핑을 하는 소비자가 증가함에 따라 이들에 대한 관심과 이해의 필요성이 점차 높아지고 있다. 이에 심야쇼핑에 긍정적으로 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 기존 연구에서 거론되었던 시간적 여유를 비롯하여 매장내 비혼잡성, 주차편의성 및 서비스 대기시간 등을 고려하였다. 또한 이러한 변수들이 긍정적 쇼핑감정과 쇼핑스트레스에 어떠한 영향을 미치며, 또한 이 두변수가 심야소비자의 재방문의도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 총 203명의 심야소비자를 대상으로 분석을 실시한 결과, 시간적 여유, 매장내 비혼잡성, 주차편의성 및 서비스대기시간이 긍정적 쇼핑감정에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 반면에 쇼핑스트레스와 관련해서는 시간적 여유와 매장내 비혼잡성이 쇼핑스트레스에 영향을 주는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 긍정적 쇼핑감정과 쇼핑스트레스는 소비자의 재방문의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실증 분석결과를 바탕으로 이론적, 실무적 시사점이 제시되었으며, 연구의 한계점과 미래의 연구방향에 대해서도 언급하였다.
Recent legal and societal development has provided an impetus for rethinking retailers` opening hours. In many European countries, large supermarket chains are now developing an interest in extending their opening hours up to 24 hours. Many retail companies in Korea recently are extending their operation times as well. Geiger(2005) suggested that night-time consumers perceive night-time shopping favorably because of lack of crowd, convenience of parking space, and short waiting time. Also, Richbell and Kite (2007) identified that Night-time consumer frequently came to night-time store owing to several positive determinants of night-time shopping such as time availability, lack of crowd, convenience of parking space, short waiting time, and good relationship with sales clerk and security. Following two conceptual night-time shopping studies, four main factors which have the important effects on night-time shoppers` intention for revisiting the same discount stores were selected from the previous studies. Also, the role of mediating variables was examined. That is, the determinant variables will influence the night-time shoppers` intention for revisiting the same discount stores indirectly through shopping emotion and shopping stress. To prove hypotheses related to these variables, the data were collected by personal interviews with the night-time shoppers at the large discount stores in Korea. Although total 230 people participated in this survey, we just utilized reliable responses from 203 respondents except inappropriate and insincere responses. A confirmatory factor analysis conducted for a measurement model that includes the seven constructs like time availability, lack of crowd, convenience of parking space, short waiting time, positive shopping emotion, shopping stress and revisiting intention. It appears that the goodness-fit indices reached an acceptable level in general such as x2=274.034(d.f.=229, p=0.02), CFI=0.980, RMSEA=0.03. It was found that measures have convergent validity and discriminant validity. A structural equation model was specified to test the hypotheses and was analyzed through AMOS 7.0. The model`s goodness-of-fit was acceptable in general with x2=282.67(d.f..=233, p<0.01), GFI=0.910, CFI=0.980, RMSEA=0.026. As predicted, firstly, time availability, lack of crowd, convenience of parking space, and short waiting time were proved to have the significant positive effect on shopping emotion. Secondly, convenience of parking space, and short waiting time except for time availability and lack of crowd did not show any negative effects on shopping stress. Additionally, positive shopping emotion was proved to have the positive effect on night-time shoppers` intention for revisiting the same discount stores whereas shopping stress influenced negatively. The value of this research lies in its goal to go beyond the night-time shopping guidelines suggested in the prior studies of night-time shopping(Geiger, 2005; Richbell and Kite, 2007). The original contribution of this empirical study is to provide the first research of night-time shopping in a large 24-hour discount store in Korea. It has identified a number of practical implications and suggests future research agenda. This study of night-time shopping suggests a number of new areas for further research. First, we should extend the scope of these results by collecting more diverse samples, defining the suggested concepts more precisely, and making every efforts to provide more adequate measures. Second, for the future study, it may seem important to look more shopping facility such as a night market, a 24-hour convenience store and so on. Third, we also need to find more determinants of night-time shopping. Fourth, we need to know whether the overall profile of the night-time consumer differs significantly from that of the typical day shopper. Finally and perhaps most importantly, detailed discussions with the night-time consumers are required. Such discussion can probe in greater depth the motivations for night-time shopping and explore the perceptions of night-time consumer regards to the additional positive determinants of night-time shopping.