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자료유형
학술저널
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한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 외국문학연구 외국문학연구 제23호
발행연도
2006.8
수록면
59 - 83 (25page)

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Dionysius of HaIicarnassus was a Greek immigrant to Rome, resident in Rome during the first half of the Augustan Age. He was a kind of self-imposed exile from the cultural wasteland of the post-Alexander Hellenism. In that critically transitional period in the Roman history from the Republicanism to the Imperial Monarchism, he tried to raise up the level of Roman culture to the ideal height of Periclean Athens. In his strong disgust against the then prevalent ornamental and sweet Asianism in style, he fought for the virtues of Atticism: clearness, pureness and brevity. He thought Asianism was decadent since it was only concerned with expressions, not with contents, deprived of any immersion in the Humanities. His ideal was Greek oratory and historiography. In oratory his ideal was Demosthenes, in historiography Herodotus.
Like Cicero, his contemporary, Dionysius was the proponent for the philosophical rhetoric subjecting style to sense and subject matter. However, in his practical need as a teacher of rhetoric to the Roman youths, he confined his literary analysis to style and expression at the expense of the character of a writer or an orator. Even though he aimed to reach the spiritual height of a writer or an orator via the outward forms of expression, in his practical criticism he stopped short at the factual analysis of word arrangement and sonority and symphony of sounds. His main criteria for judicially discriminating the excellence of a writing and a speech were the effects of charm and beauty resulting from the arrangement of words and euphony and sweetness of sound. Starting from his theory of lexis, he proceeded further to his theory of the three kinds of composition: the austere, the smooth and the harmoniously blended or the mean. While Aristotle put great emphasis on the intellectual pleasure in his judgment of
literature and oratory, Dionysius put the trained ear and taste on the foreground of his criticism.
In his many literary treatises Dionysius aimed at systematic analysis and judicious weighing up of merits and defects of the Greek orators and prose writers through his "comparative method of inquiry." In his study of long-standing tradition of mutual influences among the Attic writers and orators, he searched after the best ideal of imitation for the Roman youths, and his final suggestions were Herodotus and Demosthenes among others. However, his preference of Herodotus over Thucydides is quite biased and subjectively prejudiced, since he ignores the dramatic effects of the latter's emotion-provoking style and narratology. By arguing that Herodotus is much better than Thucydides in his selection of the subject matter, Dionysius betrays his consistent emphasis on aestheticism. Sometimes his aestheticism conflicts with his didacticism of literature and oratory. It is almost impossible to detect in Dionysius a coherent theory of evaluation. There is an unbridgeable gap between Dionysius the philosopher and Dionysius the teacher.

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