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This study aims to understand Stalin’s and the Party leaders’ ideas of the so-called the Great Depression. Given the situation in which Stalin and the leaders themselves left very few words about the economic crisis, there would be no better way to get close to Stalin’s mind than to examine analytical reports regularly sent to his office. Evgenii Varga was actually the sole figure who had done that in Stalin’s Russia. Since he became the head of the Institute of World Economy and World Politics in 1927, Varga served as a key advisor to Stalin about the capitalist economy throughout the reign of the dictator. The core of this article is to explore Varga’s and his institute’s policy reports and papers, which were prepared for Stalin and the Party leaders, about the Depression.
In order to understand the contemporary capitalist economy and its crisis, Varga and his economists combined the two distinct trends of Marxism, respectively represented by R. Hilferding and R. Luxemburg, with W. E. Mitchell’s statistical economics. Through an amalgam of the three different economic thoughts, they were able to not only capture a long-term tendency of capitalism but also specifically analyze its cycling movements. The actual discourse that they had produced about the Great Depression was epitomized as comparative, historical and concrete. First, their economic discourse was comparative, extensively using national economy as their key concept and closely tracing the uneven development of individual countries’ economies. Second, their discourse was historical in the sense that they found the origins of the Depression and its subsequent unfolding in the specific historical conjuncture that the First World War had created, rather than defining them as a logical manifestation of the universal economic laws of capitalism. Finally, their discourse was concrete, as their main interest resided in neither an abstract generalization of the capitalist economy nor a highly theoretical exploration of its system. What they had concentrated on was to track the specific changes in individual national economies through numerous statistical materials, to make detailed comments on them, and to attempt to predict their future directions.
The Varga group’s discourse on the world economy and its crisis painted the world as a space in which political actions were not completely governed by capitalist economic constraints. Also, it described the contemporary situations in Western economy as historically specific ones to which the general laws of capitalist economy were not properly applicable. Within this discursive field, Stalin and other policymakers did not find it hard to imagine highly situational ideas and strategies specific to certain conditions in the arena of international politics. The Varga group’s discourse pushed Stalin to adopt Realpolitik, rather than ideology-motivated, foreign policy.
In order to understand the contemporary capitalist economy and its crisis, Varga and his economists combined the two distinct trends of Marxism, respectively represented by R. Hilferding and R. Luxemburg, with W. E. Mitchell’s statistical economics. Through an amalgam of the three different economic thoughts, they were able to not only capture a long-term tendency of capitalism but also specifically analyze its cycling movements. The actual discourse that they had produced about the Great Depression was epitomized as comparative, historical and concrete. First, their economic discourse was comparative, extensively using national economy as their key concept and closely tracing the uneven development of individual countries’ economies. Second, their discourse was historical in the sense that they found the origins of the Depression and its subsequent unfolding in the specific historical conjuncture that the First World War had created, rather than defining them as a logical manifestation of the universal economic laws of capitalism. Finally, their discourse was concrete, as their main interest resided in neither an abstract generalization of the capitalist economy nor a highly theoretical exploration of its system. What they had concentrated on was to track the specific changes in individual national economies through numerous statistical materials, to make detailed comments on them, and to attempt to predict their future directions.
The Varga group’s discourse on the world economy and its crisis painted the world as a space in which political actions were not completely governed by capitalist economic constraints. Also, it described the contemporary situations in Western economy as historically specific ones to which the general laws of capitalist economy were not properly applicable. Within this discursive field, Stalin and other policymakers did not find it hard to imagine highly situational ideas and strategies specific to certain conditions in the arena of international politics. The Varga group’s discourse pushed Stalin to adopt Realpolitik, rather than ideology-motivated, foreign policy.
목차
1. 서론
2. 바르가와 세계경제세계정치 연구소의 경제학 방법론
3. “위기”, 1929~1932
4. “특별한 종류의 불황”과 “회복”, 1932~1936
5. 결론
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2012-374-003694066