지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
Signal fires were an important military communications facility during the Three-Nations Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty. The flames and smoke coming from the fire were used to relay urgent messages to people at far distances. These signal fire systems were developed in China during the Three-nations period and Korea imported the technology and used it. However there is no concrete evidence or remnants of the signal fire system, so the true nature of them is yet to be uncovered. The signal fire system became more developed during King Euijong′s reign in 1149, at Jo Jin Yak(曺晋若)′s memorial service. However during the reign of king Injong in 1123, diplomats from the Sung(宋) Dynasty used the signal fires while coming and going from the capital city of Gaeseong. From this, it can be construed that during times of peace these signal fires were also used to guide visiting foreign diplomats. It can be concluded that at the tine, Goryeo′s signal fire system was not yet complete; however the signal fire system was installed in the capital of Gaeseong and in a few main coastal fortresses. When marked on a map, it is clear that there were many more signal fire systems around the capital of Gaeseong and coastal cities such as Incheon, Ganghwa, Kimpo and Paju. This means that during times of foreign invasions, the signal fires were used to let people know of the invasion. Much importance was attached to the construction of the coastal signal fires on sea routes and they were built to be intricately linked to nearby mountain fortresses.
The signal fire system of Joseon was directly transferred from the Goryeo period. Since the beginning, the number of fire signals was the foundation for the Joseon signal fire system.
However, during early Joseon the usage of the signal fires was different than that of the Goryeo period. In order to prepare for the invasion by the Jurchen(女眞) tribe, King Sejong in 1433, officially constructed many signal fires after he developed four counties upstream of the Amnok River, and 6 military bases in Naman, downstream of the Duman River. The purpose of construction, the construction itself, and the formation process were all different compared to that of the Goryeo Dynasty. Presently there are 54 signal fire systems across the Gyeonggi province that were constructed during that era and they all embody the special characteristics of the Gyeonggi province. They also differ according to the route, altitude, location, and architectural style. In order to reach the five major signal fires that were set up during the Sejong era in early Joseon one had to pass through the signals of the present-day Gyeonggi province, and this province had the largest number of signal fires after Gyeongsang province. Also, the coastal and inland parts of Chungcheong, Gyeongsang, and Jeolla had certain specified routes of signal fires while Gyeonggi province had routes connecting all five major signal fires, with each characterized by the color of its area.
This paper have kept the following points in mind while studying the signal fire system of the Gyeonggi province during the Joseon period.
In the preface, there is a general outline of the signal fire system starting from the Three nations period up to the Joseon period, and it is followed by an introduction of the present situation of all signal fire systems studies conducted up until now. This presents a direction for further investigation.
In the second chapter there is a look at the establishment of the signal fire system. After a brief mention of the signal fire system of the Joseon period-which had its foundation in five main torchlight systems, the number of signal fire systems across all provinces and routes are organized Additionally, after analyzing each piece of document, the characteristics and establishment intentions are outlined according to the number of signal fire systems that has been measured. The reason for doing this is because the result of numbers have differed greatly from earlier studies when the 643 signal fire systems that is mentioned in the Mangi outline had been excluded. Despite the fact they all originate from the same document.
In the third chapter we take a look at the organization of the signal fires and have a more detailed look by dividing the signals into three categories-signal fires in the Gyeonggi province, coastal signal fires, and inland coastal fires. We will look at their structure and their facilities through recorded documents. Also on the basis of recent excavations research on inland signal fires that has been compiled from Mt. Chun-kun in Songnam province and coastal signal fire research complied from Pyeongtaek province, we will study newly uncovered information about the building structure of these torches. Up until now the origin of the signal fires have been understood to be circular. However through the excavation research conducted at the signal fire systems on Mt. Chun-lim we were able to identify a unique inner circle at the base of the torch structure. Additionally we were able to discover that in the early stages of Joseon, regional geography was taken into consideration through systemized regulations when constructing the east-west major axis of the oval shaped structure.
In the fourth chapter, we take a look at the national duties and corruption of the worker, Bongsugun(烽燧軍) during the times of hardship of Sinyangyeokcheon(身良役賤), and the records of the Bongsoo chapter of ‘Kanghwasinji(江華新志)’ which was publicized in the late Joseon period (1783). Through these records we were able to study the position, corresponding signal fire systems, and the public service workers of the 19 most important coastal signal fire systems in the Gyeonggi province area. Through this research it was discovered that the signal fires were of little use during actual times of national crisis during the Joseon period. However when considering the debates of cabinet members about the importance of signal fires (discussed in the body of this paper) at a time when modern communications systems were not fully developed, the signal fire systems are to be considered an important national defense artifact. Therefore there is a need for the significance of the signal fires to be recognized today.
The signal fire system of Joseon was directly transferred from the Goryeo period. Since the beginning, the number of fire signals was the foundation for the Joseon signal fire system.
However, during early Joseon the usage of the signal fires was different than that of the Goryeo period. In order to prepare for the invasion by the Jurchen(女眞) tribe, King Sejong in 1433, officially constructed many signal fires after he developed four counties upstream of the Amnok River, and 6 military bases in Naman, downstream of the Duman River. The purpose of construction, the construction itself, and the formation process were all different compared to that of the Goryeo Dynasty. Presently there are 54 signal fire systems across the Gyeonggi province that were constructed during that era and they all embody the special characteristics of the Gyeonggi province. They also differ according to the route, altitude, location, and architectural style. In order to reach the five major signal fires that were set up during the Sejong era in early Joseon one had to pass through the signals of the present-day Gyeonggi province, and this province had the largest number of signal fires after Gyeongsang province. Also, the coastal and inland parts of Chungcheong, Gyeongsang, and Jeolla had certain specified routes of signal fires while Gyeonggi province had routes connecting all five major signal fires, with each characterized by the color of its area.
This paper have kept the following points in mind while studying the signal fire system of the Gyeonggi province during the Joseon period.
In the preface, there is a general outline of the signal fire system starting from the Three nations period up to the Joseon period, and it is followed by an introduction of the present situation of all signal fire systems studies conducted up until now. This presents a direction for further investigation.
In the second chapter there is a look at the establishment of the signal fire system. After a brief mention of the signal fire system of the Joseon period-which had its foundation in five main torchlight systems, the number of signal fire systems across all provinces and routes are organized Additionally, after analyzing each piece of document, the characteristics and establishment intentions are outlined according to the number of signal fire systems that has been measured. The reason for doing this is because the result of numbers have differed greatly from earlier studies when the 643 signal fire systems that is mentioned in the Mangi outline had been excluded. Despite the fact they all originate from the same document.
In the third chapter we take a look at the organization of the signal fires and have a more detailed look by dividing the signals into three categories-signal fires in the Gyeonggi province, coastal signal fires, and inland coastal fires. We will look at their structure and their facilities through recorded documents. Also on the basis of recent excavations research on inland signal fires that has been compiled from Mt. Chun-kun in Songnam province and coastal signal fire research complied from Pyeongtaek province, we will study newly uncovered information about the building structure of these torches. Up until now the origin of the signal fires have been understood to be circular. However through the excavation research conducted at the signal fire systems on Mt. Chun-lim we were able to identify a unique inner circle at the base of the torch structure. Additionally we were able to discover that in the early stages of Joseon, regional geography was taken into consideration through systemized regulations when constructing the east-west major axis of the oval shaped structure.
In the fourth chapter, we take a look at the national duties and corruption of the worker, Bongsugun(烽燧軍) during the times of hardship of Sinyangyeokcheon(身良役賤), and the records of the Bongsoo chapter of ‘Kanghwasinji(江華新志)’ which was publicized in the late Joseon period (1783). Through these records we were able to study the position, corresponding signal fire systems, and the public service workers of the 19 most important coastal signal fire systems in the Gyeonggi province area. Through this research it was discovered that the signal fires were of little use during actual times of national crisis during the Joseon period. However when considering the debates of cabinet members about the importance of signal fires (discussed in the body of this paper) at a time when modern communications systems were not fully developed, the signal fire systems are to be considered an important national defense artifact. Therefore there is a need for the significance of the signal fires to be recognized today.
목차
Ⅰ. 序論
Ⅱ. 烽燧制의 確立
Ⅲ. 烽燧組織과 構造 및 施設
Ⅳ. 烽燧軍과 烽燧의 機能
Ⅴ. 結論
Abstract
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