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After the Social War, the tendency of municipalization became conspicuous in comparison with that before the war. The fact is confirmed recently by the archaeological researches. By marking the municipia on the map, I find that much more allies were made municipia after the war than before the war and the shift happened allover the peninsular. This tendency was the result of the citizenship policy. As it is known, the Roman citizenship was given to the citizens of the allies through some laws after the war. By this policy, the population of Rome was tripled. This situation might cause the alienation of the original Romans in voting assembly. So the old Roman citizens hesitated allowing the new ones make new tribes and attempted to lessen the power of their decision. As a result the incorporation of the new citizenry in the existing tribal system was not successful and this situation was one of the discontents against the Roman government. But the policy to make the allies into the municipia was more positive. The charters were given to the allies, which became small republics having the Roman image and recognized as res publica separately. By this municipalization the structure of Roman commonwealth in this period was like the united republics. As a result Italian elites had the double identity, that is, the Roman citizenship and the municipal membership. Cicero recommended that his friend should put more emphasis on the bigger nationality. His recommendation revealed that the tradition of self control had deep root in each municipal society and the new leaders who were once the magistrates of local society maintained the patriotic feeling on their own local societies. This fact was due to the policy of the Roman government, by which the municipia were granted the right of self government and allowed the traditional deity and customs. From this situation it was possible for the ruling class of the Italian allies to participate in the Roman political stages. So I can conclude that the Roman revolution named by Ronald Syme is not proper term for describing the last century of the Roman republic and that rather the evolution is proper because it takes the time of three generations to attain a meaningful result by making and reforming the legislative and legal system. And in order to understand the structure of Roman commonwealth deeply, it is necessary to research into the relationship between the local communities and the central control of the Roman government.
목차
1. 서언
2. 자치도시 건립의 추이
3. 동맹국 시민에 관한 법
4. 조국의 이념과 자치도시
5. 결어
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