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This paper analyzed the grain supply police in the early Roman Republic that was related to the power of ruling classes. As the result, it is the outstanding characteristic of the grain supply policy in the early Roman Republic that the Roman government cannot intervene in principle except an emergency and the power and the mechanism for grain supply not exist. But these aspects gradually changed in the face of the difficulty of grain supply through the grain market, and Roman citizens established the perception that Roman government should be responsible for the grain supply to Rome. It is remarkable that the grain law of Gracchus stipulated for the grain supply to Rome and its mechanism through the initiative of Roman government. Being compare the principle that Roman government cannot intervene in the grain supply policy for Roman citizens with the tendency that Roman government strongly meddle in it through the aedilis since the second half of the 3rd century B. c., it is suggest that the Roman policy for grain supply break away from the feature in the Roman Republic with the grain law of Gracchus as a momentum. Therefore, this grain law of Gracchus means that Roman government firstly try to establish the systematic mechanism for the grain supply policy ro Rome.
Many gram laws have been rarified since Gracchus's gram law. The study on these grain laws based on the relation between the political strategy of optimates and populares and the grain supply policy. According to this study, the optimates try to extend the grain law and the populares try to diminish it. But the Roman Senate that was the representative of optimates has developed the systematization and the mechanism of grain supply and has enlarged the category of recipient for grain distribution. In the end, the Roman Senate prompted the grain distribution through grain laws. Therefore, the optimates that formed the nucleus of the Roman Senate has developed the systematization and the mechanism of grain supply policy, and has took this political strategy to maintain the authority of ruling classes.
Nevertheless, the Roman government could not smoothly supply the grain due to the unstable government, the disturbance of public security in the Mediterranean Sea and the prevalence of pirate. In order to this problem, it is Pompei us that the Roman government invested the unprecedented full authority. When the food shortage and the rise in food prices occurred in 57 B.C., the Roman ruling class granted Pompeius cura annonae to relieve this situation. The grant of this full authority is an epoch-making event that is unprecedented in the Roman Republic. Above all, it is compare to the cura annonae of Augustus who ceased the Roman Republic and opened the Principatus. Indeed, the cura annonae of Pompei us is a precedent on that of Augustus. Also, the political structure of Augustus base on that of Pompei us in a sense. Therefore, the grain supply policy to Rome corresponded with the Roman political upheaval from the early Roman Republic to the Principate.
Many gram laws have been rarified since Gracchus's gram law. The study on these grain laws based on the relation between the political strategy of optimates and populares and the grain supply policy. According to this study, the optimates try to extend the grain law and the populares try to diminish it. But the Roman Senate that was the representative of optimates has developed the systematization and the mechanism of grain supply and has enlarged the category of recipient for grain distribution. In the end, the Roman Senate prompted the grain distribution through grain laws. Therefore, the optimates that formed the nucleus of the Roman Senate has developed the systematization and the mechanism of grain supply policy, and has took this political strategy to maintain the authority of ruling classes.
Nevertheless, the Roman government could not smoothly supply the grain due to the unstable government, the disturbance of public security in the Mediterranean Sea and the prevalence of pirate. In order to this problem, it is Pompei us that the Roman government invested the unprecedented full authority. When the food shortage and the rise in food prices occurred in 57 B.C., the Roman ruling class granted Pompeius cura annonae to relieve this situation. The grant of this full authority is an epoch-making event that is unprecedented in the Roman Republic. Above all, it is compare to the cura annonae of Augustus who ceased the Roman Republic and opened the Principatus. Indeed, the cura annonae of Pompei us is a precedent on that of Augustus. Also, the political structure of Augustus base on that of Pompei us in a sense. Therefore, the grain supply policy to Rome corresponded with the Roman political upheaval from the early Roman Republic to the Principate.
목차
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 로마 공화정기 곡물공급 정책의 성격-가이우스 그라쿠스 이전 시기까지
Ⅲ. 가이우스 그라쿠스의 곡물법과 그 이후의 곡물법의 성격
Ⅳ. 폼페이우스와 카이사르의 곡물공급 정책
Ⅴ. 결론
Abstract
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