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초록· 키워드
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The 1980 Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (hereinafter this term will be abbreviated as CISG) is the uniform sales law for countries that account for about two-thirds of all world trade and took into effect on January 1, 1988. It has been ratified by sixty three States from the inception until recently. Concerning Exemptions in the course of performance of contract there are various concepts in domestic legal system such as force majeure, frustration, impossibility of performance, commercial impracticability, clausula rebus sic stantibus etc. CISG Article 79, as the corresponding equivalents to the above concepts, is the principal provision governing the extent to which a party is exempt from liability for failure to perform any of his obligations due to an impediment beyond his control.
In relation to the specific application of CISG Article 79 there are some Problematic Situations.
First of all, the creditor of the obligation in question may still require specific performance of the obligation under CISG Article 79(5). The second problem concern the question of whether the seller may under CISG Article 79 avoid his liability for delivering defective goods. Third, since CISG Article 79 only deals with impossibility of performance, it is debatable whether a disturbance which does not fully exclude performance, but makes it considerably more difficult or burdensome (e.g. change of circumstances, hardship, commercial impracticability, etc.) can be considered an impediment. Fourth, contracting parties often insert penalty or liquidated damages clauses in the contract of sale. The question that arises here is whether the obligor is discharged from his liability to pay the amount imposed by the penalty or liquidated damages clause if the conditions of CISG Article 79 are met. Fifth, it is accepted that interest is owed even if the delay in the payment of price is due to a force majeure event, since payment of interest is one of the rights that are referred to in CISG Article 79(5).
As a final analysis where CISG prevails, contracting parties should bear in mind the meaning and scope of exemptions clause in CISG and be cautious in drafting their contract not to omit necessary provisions such as force majeure, hardship clauses which can be a security barometer in case unforeseen, unavoidable situations beyond their control may be brought about.
In relation to the specific application of CISG Article 79 there are some Problematic Situations.
First of all, the creditor of the obligation in question may still require specific performance of the obligation under CISG Article 79(5). The second problem concern the question of whether the seller may under CISG Article 79 avoid his liability for delivering defective goods. Third, since CISG Article 79 only deals with impossibility of performance, it is debatable whether a disturbance which does not fully exclude performance, but makes it considerably more difficult or burdensome (e.g. change of circumstances, hardship, commercial impracticability, etc.) can be considered an impediment. Fourth, contracting parties often insert penalty or liquidated damages clauses in the contract of sale. The question that arises here is whether the obligor is discharged from his liability to pay the amount imposed by the penalty or liquidated damages clause if the conditions of CISG Article 79 are met. Fifth, it is accepted that interest is owed even if the delay in the payment of price is due to a force majeure event, since payment of interest is one of the rights that are referred to in CISG Article 79(5).
As a final analysis where CISG prevails, contracting parties should bear in mind the meaning and scope of exemptions clause in CISG and be cautious in drafting their contract not to omit necessary provisions such as force majeure, hardship clauses which can be a security barometer in case unforeseen, unavoidable situations beyond their control may be brought about.
목차
Ⅰ. 서설
Ⅱ. 비엔나협약 제79조의 입법적 연혁
Ⅲ. 면책요건에 대한 검토
Ⅳ. 한계상황들에 대한 검토
Ⅴ. 불가항력 및 이행곤란 조항
Ⅵ. 결어
참고문헌
Abstract
참고문헌 (29)
참고문헌 신청
[학술지(정기간행물)] - / 2000 / Apallag Ap Tn Euthn Gia M Ekplrs Tss mbass Ts Plss St Smbas Ts Vinns Gia Tis Diethnes Plseis Kintn [Discharge from Liability from Nonperformance of the Contract of Sale in the Vienna Convention for the International Sale of Goods] analysis of CISG Articles 79 and 80 and comparative presentation of the relevant issues in European laws
[학술지(정기간행물)] - / 1998 / in Commentary on the U Convention on the International Sale of Goods
[학술지(정기간행물)] - / / United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods reprinted in [1980] XI UNCITRAL Yearbook
[학술지(정기간행물)] - / 1991 / Exemptions and Impossibility Under the Vienna Convention in Force Majeure and Frustration of Contract
[학술지(정기간행물)] - / 1999 / Uniform Law for International Sales
[학술지(정기간행물)] - / 1998 / in Commentary on the U Convention on the International Sale of Goods
[학술지(정기간행물)] - / / United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods reprinted in [1980] XI UNCITRAL Yearbook
[학술지(정기간행물)] - / 1991 / Exemptions and Impossibility Under the Vienna Convention in Force Majeure and Frustration of Contract
[학술지(정기간행물)] - / 1999 / Uniform Law for International Sales
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