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The frumentationes was a characteristic system in the ancient roman history. It was not a relief system for the poor, but, one confirming the privileged position of the roman citizen in roman society. But it has not been brought to light how the com recipients, that is, the plebs frumentaria, since Gaius Gracchus' lex frumentaria in early 123 B.C., have been selected among all the inhabitants living in the city of Rome.
Augustus was the organizer of roman empire. He could gain the final victory during the long and cruel Civil War in the later roman republic by the support of Italy and rise to the position of supreme power amid the cheers of roman plebs and army. He claimed to be a champion of republican tradition and latin culture. Therefore in his constitution, what is called Principatus, the roman citizens should be treated not as subjects, but as masters of world empire. This line of policy is affirmed in his political measures and his frumentationes is one of them.
Many historians studying ancient roman history, have thought that Augustus revised the list of com recipients only one time in 2 B.C. and reduced the number from 320,000 to 200,000 or 150,000 and that he choosed them by the criteria of the conditions of roman citizen(civis romanus) and residence in the city of Rome (domicilium).
But recently C. Virlouvet proposed a new and striking opinion that Augustus reduced the recipients twice, in 2 B.C. and A.D. 7 and in addition to the two criteria, applied the third criterion of original roman citizen(ingenuus civis romanus). In this article I reviewed Virlouvet's opinion and assenting her main contentions newly insisted that the Augustus' criteria were in fact formerly used by Caesar. This new contention can explain more persuasively the ambiguity pertaining to different numbers of corn recipients alluded in the ancient sources. Moreover the claim that Augustus would have excluded roman freedman-citizen(livertinus civis romanus) from plebs frumentaria is accorded well with his social policy in which he endeavoured to establish social order by making a hierarchy of various social ranks.
Augustus was the organizer of roman empire. He could gain the final victory during the long and cruel Civil War in the later roman republic by the support of Italy and rise to the position of supreme power amid the cheers of roman plebs and army. He claimed to be a champion of republican tradition and latin culture. Therefore in his constitution, what is called Principatus, the roman citizens should be treated not as subjects, but as masters of world empire. This line of policy is affirmed in his political measures and his frumentationes is one of them.
Many historians studying ancient roman history, have thought that Augustus revised the list of com recipients only one time in 2 B.C. and reduced the number from 320,000 to 200,000 or 150,000 and that he choosed them by the criteria of the conditions of roman citizen(civis romanus) and residence in the city of Rome (domicilium).
But recently C. Virlouvet proposed a new and striking opinion that Augustus reduced the recipients twice, in 2 B.C. and A.D. 7 and in addition to the two criteria, applied the third criterion of original roman citizen(ingenuus civis romanus). In this article I reviewed Virlouvet's opinion and assenting her main contentions newly insisted that the Augustus' criteria were in fact formerly used by Caesar. This new contention can explain more persuasively the ambiguity pertaining to different numbers of corn recipients alluded in the ancient sources. Moreover the claim that Augustus would have excluded roman freedman-citizen(livertinus civis romanus) from plebs frumentaria is accorded well with his social policy in which he endeavoured to establish social order by making a hierarchy of various social ranks.
목차
Ⅰ. 서언
Ⅱ. 아우구스투스의 곡물 평민 감원 과정
Ⅲ. 감원 기준
Ⅳ. 아우구스투스의 대(對)피해방민 정책과 곡물 평민
Ⅴ. 걸어
〈Abstract〉
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