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Chae Man-sik and Socialism - Focusing on Short Stories and Plays from the 1930s -
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채만식과 사회주의 - 1930년대 소설 및 희곡 작품을 중심으로 -

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Lee, Manyoung (전북대학교)
Journal
우리말글학회 URIMALGEUL : The Korean Language and Literature Vol.103 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2024.12
Pages
523 - 554 (32page)

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Chae Man-sik and Socialism - Focusing on Short Stories and Plays from the 1930s -
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This paper aims to examine the narrative characteristics and epistemological shifts regarding socialism (and socialists) in Chae Man-sik’s works from the 1930s. While it is widely acknowledged today that Chae Man-sik was a writer aligned with socialist ideologies, until 1930, he was classified with bourgeois writers such as Lee Kwang-soo, Kim Dong-in, and Yeom Sang-seop. The perception of Chae Man-sik within the literary community underwent a drastic change after 1930. In particular, between 1930 and 1931, Chae concentrated on publishing works that portrayed socialists. The representation of socialism (and socialists) in these works can be broadly categorized into three main aspects. First, Chae actively utilized the image of the socialist as a being striving for a “great cause,” thereby indirectly expressing a positive view of socialism. Second, through the opposition between “food” and “ideology,” he repeatedly illustrated the hardships of living as a socialist in a colonial society. Third, instead of portraying socialists as individuals who envision or strive for a positive future, he depicts them as powerless “activists” who are either destroyed by their ideology or unable to resolve the problematic situations they face.
Chae Man-sik, who expressed an active interest in socialism by publishing nine related works between 1930 and 1931, published only four works related to socialism between 1932 and 1938. While it is important to note that Chae temporarily suspended his creative activities from November 1934 to August 1936, the sharp decline in his interest in socialism from 1932 onwards is significant. Originally, Chae aimed to create “genuine proletarian literature,” but starting in 1932, he struggled to establish clear literary coordinates regarding “what and how to write” and found himself in a situation where avoiding Japanese colonial censorship was increasingly difficult.
In November 1937, Chae published Jehyangnal(제향날), a work that encapsulated his views on socialism. As Chae himself confessed, this work contained “the ambitious materials for a lifelong project.” In the story, Chae expressed an optimistic vision that a “new era” could emerge through the practical efforts of socialists, such as traders. However, Chae’s belief in socialism did not last long. After 1939, representations of socialists striving to realize a great cause or adopting a future-oriented, resistant attitude largely disappeared from his works. In the grim period of global fascism, socialism could no longer be conceived as an ideology of resistance for Chae. As a result, he turned towards nihilism and collaboration with the Japanese. Nevertheless, Chae’s literary efforts in the 1930s, which explored the possibility of a new era through socialism, still warrant a re-evaluation.

Contents

국문 요약
1. 들어가기 - ‘그 뒤에 온 시대’
2. ‘사회주의(자)’라는 서사 문법의 탄생과 그 특질
3. ‘진정한 프롤레타리아 문학’의 길
4. 나가기 - 「치숙」과 「소망」 사이
참고문헌
Abstract

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