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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
Lee Seul Gi (Keimyung University) Woo Seon Min (Keimyung University) Seo Seung Un (Keimyung University) Lee Chan-Hyeong (Kyungpook National University) Baek Moon-Chang (Kyungpook National University) Jang Se Hwan (Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology) Park Zee Yong (Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology) Yook Simmyung (Sungkyunkwan University) Nam Ju-Ock (Kyungpook National University) Kwon Taeg Kyu (Keimyung University)
저널정보
대한생화학·분자생물학회 Experimental and Molecular Medicine Experimental and Molecular Medicine Vol.56
발행연도
2024.2
수록면
383 - 394 (12page)
DOI
10.1038/s12276-024-01163-9

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M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are risk factors for cancer progression and metastasis. However, the mechanisms underlying their polarization are still not fully understood. Although cathepsin D (Cat D) has been reported as a procarcinogenic factor, little is known about the functional role of Cat D in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study aimed to explore the effect and molecular mechanisms of Cat D in the TME. Cat D knockout (KO) altered the cytokine secretion pattern and induced TAM reprogramming from the M2 to M1 subtype, thereby preventing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis. Mechanistically, we identified transforming growth factor beta-induced protein (TGFBI) as a Cat D target protein that is specifically associated with TAM polarization. Elevated TGFBI expression in Cat D KO cancer cells resulted in a decline in M2-like TAM polarization. Our RNA-sequencing results indicated that the cancer cell-secreted chemokine CCL20 is a major secretory chemokine for Cat D-TGFBI-mediated TAM polarization. In contrast, Cat D overexpression accelerated TAM polarization into M2-like cells by suppressing TGFBI expression. In addition, the double Cat D and TGFBI KO rescued the inhibitory effects of Cat D KO on tumor metastasis by controlling TAM and T-cell activation. These findings indicated that Cat D contributes to cancer metastasis through TGFBI-mediated TAM reprogramming. Cat D deletion inhibits M2-like TAM polarization through TGFBI-mediated CCL20 expression, reprogramming the immunosuppressive TME. Our results open a potential new avenue for therapy focused on eliminating tumor metastasis.

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