《中华人民共和国家庭教育促进法》 探析与展望

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자료유형: 학술저널

저자정보: 김경매 (중국 연변대학 법학원)

저널정보: 전북대학교 동북아법연구소 동북아법연구 동북아법연구 제16권 제3호

발행연도: 2022.10

수록면: 483 - 500 (18page)

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《中华人民共和国家庭教育促进法》是中国历史上的第一部家庭教育专门立法, 意味着中国正在构建具有中国特色、时代特征的家庭教育法制, 标志着中国家庭教育进入新时代、迈进新阶段, 具有重大的现实意义。《家庭教育促进法》共六章55个条款, 体现中国家庭教育指导的纲领性要求, 系一部促进型的法律。该法不仅涉及面广, 而且立法理念比较新颖, 所以很有必要加大宣传, 精准解读。要实现《家庭教育促进法》的精准、有效实施, 必须开展理论与实践的合作与对话。理论研究者和实践工作者要相互学习, 力争突破自身固有的局限性, 不断优化和完善。本法涉及的部门较多, 法律关系复杂, 很容易导致法律关系混散、失衡, 所以, 需要进一步完善《家庭教育促进法》结构, 明确各责任主体之权义边界, 有必要通过立法对学校和家庭教育指导机构权利内容和义务予以明确、具体化, 还需均衡实体性法条和程序性法条的内容。家庭指导制度的路径选择上我们要把立足点放在维护未成年人的利益上, 还要把握好公权力介入的尺度。应该通过司法解释等方式明确规定发出家庭教育令的法定情形、家庭教育令的具体内容、违反教育令的后果、发出教育令后实施情况监督等事宜。各级政府要做好本辖区家庭教育事业的引领着、策划者、主导者, 要强化政府主渠道作用, 切实加大人财物力投入, 将家庭教育指导服务纳入公共服务范畴。家校之间的有效合作是家庭教育的关键。各学校可以成立专门领导小组, 建立工作体系, 承担家庭教育宣传工作和具体日常工作, 负责衔接家庭与社会服务机构等事宜。工作中应特别关注“特殊家庭”, 着重扶持“特殊家庭”。学校教师应关注每个学生的家庭教育情况, 有问题及时反馈, 及时介入。须构建完善的家庭教育指导服务体系, 各部门要严格按照自己的职责, 协同政府大力开展家庭教育指导服务, 特别要关注特殊家庭的家庭教育指导。尽快培养高素质的家庭教育人才是家庭教育事业发展的重要保障。除正规学历教育外, 可以借助社会培训的力量, 加快家庭教育人才队伍的建设。需要严格规范家庭教育指导师培训市场, 提高家庭教育工作的质量, 严格把控家庭教育工作岗位的准入资格。父母作为教养未成年子女的第一责任人, 应该不断提高自己的修养、不断完善自己, 用心呵护自己健康成长, 正确履行法律赋予的教养义务。只有确保始终不偏离未成年人利益保护和未成年人健康成长的主线, 不断完善相关规定, 全面动员相关义务主体, 不断探索最佳实施路径, 才能真正达到促进家庭教育事业的目的。关键词:

The Family Education Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China is the first special legislation on family education in Chinese history, which means that China is building a family education legal system with Chinese characteristics and characteristics of The Times. It marks that China's family education has entered a new era and entered a new stage, and has great practical significance. The Family Education Promotion Law consists of six chapters and 55 articles, which embodies the programmatic requirements of family education guidance in China and is a promoting law. The law not only involves a wide range of areas, and the legislative concept is relatively new, so it is necessary to increase publicity, accurate interpretation. In order to realize the accurate and effective implementation of the Family Education Promotion Law, the cooperation and dialogue between theory and practice must be carri ed out. Theoretical researchers and practical workers should learn from each other, strive to break through their own inherent limitations, and constantly optimize and improve. This law involves more departments, the legal relationship is complex, it is easy to cause legal relationship mixed powder, imbalance, so the need to further improve the structure of the family education promotion law”, the main responsibility of Rights and Obligations boundaries, it is necessary to pass legislation to the school and family education guidance content rights and obligation to be clear, specific, The content of substantive law and procedural law should be balanced. In the path choice of family guidance system, we should put the foothold on safeguarding the interests of minors and grasp the scale of public power intervention. The legal circumstances of issuing a family education order, the specific contents of the family education order, the consequences of violating the education order, and the supervision of the implementation of the education order should be clearly stipulated through judicial interpretation. Governments at all levels should be the leaders, planners and leaders of family educ ation in their respective jurisdictions, We should strengthen the role of the government as the main channel, effectively increase the input of people, property and resources, and bring family education guidance services into the category of public services. Effective cooperation between home and school is the key to family education. Each school may set up a special leading group to establish a working system, undertake the propaganda work of family education and the specific daily work, and be responsible for the connection between families and social service agencies and other matters. Specia l attention should be paid to “special families” in our work, and emphasis should be placed on supporting “special families”. School teachers should pay attention to each student's family education situation, and timely feedback if there is a problem, even if involved. It is necessary to build a perfect family education guidance service system. All depar tments should cooperate with the government in carrying out family education guidance services in strict accordance with their own responsibilities, and pay special attention to family education guidance for special families. To cultivate high-quality family education talents as soon as possible is an important guarantee for the development of family education. In addition to formal education, we can use the power of social training to speed up the construction of family education personnel. It is necessary to strictly regulate the training market of family education instr uctors, improve the quality of family education work, and strictly control the access quali fications of family education jobs. Only by ensuring that the main line of protecting the interests of minors and the healthy growth of minors is never deviated, the relevant regulations are constantly perfec ted, the relevant obligatory subjects are fully mobilized, and the best implementation path is constantly explored, can the purpose of promoting the cause of family education be truly achieved.

#家庭教育促进法 #家庭教育指导 #实施要求 #未成年人保护 #家庭教育令 #Family Education Promotion Law #Family education guidance #Implementation of the requirements #Protection of minors #Family Education Order

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