학부모의 교육권은 원래 형성권, 결정권, 이행권으로 구성되어 있는데, 공교육 제도하에서 선택권, 참여권, 요구권으로 변모한다. 부모 교육권의 세 형식인 선택권, 참여권, 요구권과 국민의 교육받을 권리를 구성하는 세 영역으로서 교육기회, 교육내용·방법, 교육조건을 결합시키면 구체적인 학부모 교육권의 내용이 도출된다. 부모 교육권은 국가의 교육권과 관계에서 원칙적인 우위를 가지고 있지만 제도교육의 영역에서는 국가의 교육권이 상대적으로 우위에 선다. 한편, 교육은 가치 창조적 활동인 만큼 교원은 단순히 국가나 부모의 교육권에 종속되는 것은 아니므로 학부모의 교육권은 제한을 받게 되며, 그 판단 기준은 `전문적 영역`여부이다. 학교의 설립·경영자는 학칙을 제정하여 시행할 권한을 가지고 있는 만큼 부모 교육권은 학교와 관계에서 제약될 수 있다. 학생은 미성숙자로서 부모의 교육권의 지배를 받게 되지만, 인간의 존엄과 가치, 행복추구권을 기초로 하여 인격의 자유로운 발현권을 가지고 있으므로 부모라고 할지라도 자녀의 행복을 기준으로 하여 성숙도에 따라 독자적인 결정권을 존중하여야 한다.
This article explored the parents' constitutional rights to education and their legal relations with those of other educational agents including nation, school corporations, teachers. These conclusions were drawn as below. First, parents' educational rights are composed of initiating rights, decision rights and enforcement rights. However, under the public educational system the nation also are granted the independent rights to education. As a nation had a hand in education, the three kind of parents rights such as initiating rights, decision rights and enforcement rights were transformed into rights of choice, participation, and demand respectively. Second, as the three dimensions of parents rights are linked with the three domains of right to education, the specific contents of parents rights are built. Third, parents rights basically are superior to the rights of nation, but parents and a nation are obliged to cooperate each other to secure the educational opportunities of students. When the two agents are in conflicts over the control of education, the balancing principle is to use to solve the disputes. Fourth, teachers are, by the law of nature, entrusted with the rights to teach students from parents. They, however, are given the rights from the nation in the view of positive law. Considering the special characteristics of education, which involves the growth of humans, teachers are in the position of mechanical obedience to both nation and parents. Fifth, school corporations have an authority to write school code and enforce it. Students are obliged to keep the code, so parents' rights are also confined to some extent. Finally, students are immature and are guided by parents for their education. However, they are also subjects of constitutional rights. Parents show a respect of the character and decisions of their children.