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The Journey of Medieval Metaphysics: Medieval Metaphysics towards Modern Ages With Aristotle, Avicenna, Averroes and Albertus Magnus
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중세 '형이상학'의 여정 -아리스토텔레스, 아비첸나, 아베로에스 그리고 알베르투스를 중심으로 근대를 향한 중세 형이상학-

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
부산외국어대학교 지중해지역원 지중해지역연구 지중해지역연구 제22권 제1호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2020.1
Pages
41 - 64 (24page)

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The Journey of Medieval Metaphysics: Medieval Metaphysics towards Modern Ages With Aristotle, Avicenna, Averroes and Albertus Magnus
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The name ‘ontology’ is a word coined by modern philosophers. For many years, philosophers used the name ‘metaphysics’ instead of ‘ontology.’ But the name ‘metaphysics’ did not have a clear definition, and the metaphysical discussion in Aristotle’s book ‘metaphysics’ was not clear. The philosophers of medieval Islam attempted to solve this problem. Avicenna, a medieval Muslim philosopher, argued that ‘being qua being’ or ‘being in general (ens commune)’ is a proper object of metaphysics. For him, ‘metaphysics’ is ‘ontology.’ Medieval Muslim philosophers such as Averroes rejected this view of Avicenna. Averroes saw ‘metaphysics’ as ‘natural theology.’ Is the object of metaphysics ‘being in common’ or ‘God’? Is ‘metaphysics’ ‘ontology’ or ‘natural theology’? The medieval European philosopher Albertus Magnus tried to solve this problem on the side of Avicenna. He thought God cannot be a proper object of metaphysics made of human reason, because God is only the object of faith and can not be the object of rational thought. After the long hardships of medieval philosophers, modern philosophers no longer wondered whether metaphysics was an ontology or a natural theology. Modern philosophers did not think metaphysics was one of these two branches; they thought it was a study that included both. To this end, they began to call metaphysics, which studies ‘being qua being’ or ‘being in general’, ‘Generalis Metaphysica’, and created a new name for metaphysics, ‘ontology’. And metaphysics, which studies existences such as ‘God’, began to be called ‘Specialis Metaphysica’. The result of this modern philosophy is the result of the difficult journey of medieval metaphysics. This paper does not simply see medieval metaphysics history as a conflict between ‘ontology’ and ‘natural theology’, but rather it tries to show that the conflict is a journey toward modern metaphysics. Medieval philosophers had already done academic acts on ‘being in general’; there was simply no proper name for them. But modern philosophers have made that proper name, and the name metaphysics has become more clear. And this paper also shows that medieval Muslim philosophers play a major role in all these journeys.
#Medieval Philosophy #Medieval Metaphysics #Medieval Ontology #Medieval Islamic Philosophy #Aristoteles #Avicenna #Averroes #Albertus Magnus

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박승찬 / 2010 / 형이상학의 대상에 대한 논쟁 철학적 신론 vs. 보편적 존재론 －스콜라철학 융성기를 중심으로－ / 중세철학 (16):109~173 dbpia 이상섭 / 2013 / 실제 학문(scientia realis) vs. 보편 학문(scientia universalis) -‘형이상학의 대상규정 논쟁’에 대한 또 하나의 고찰- / 철학논집 34:41~82 dbpia 유대칠 / 2007 / 강의 헨리와 1277년 이후 철학 / 기독교와 철학 (7):105~133 google schola 유대칠 / 2008 / 헤르베우스 나탈리스와 후기 중세 철학의 재인식 : 나탈리스와후기 중세 철학자 열전 / 코기토 (64):253~278 dbpia 유대칠 / 2008 / 에크하르트와 후기 중세 철학 / 가톨릭철학 (11):247~276 dbpia

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