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The present study examines social arbitration mechanisms achieving the settlement of conflicts in a society to make peace, especially those attested in the literature of ancient Israel and its surrounding peoples. Even in ancient societies where primitive nature is abundant, they consciously struggled to preserve human rights and justice in their community. This spirit seems to be advanced to institutionalize a kind of ‘democratic’ decision-making process in the ‘council’ (assembly).
It was the elders who were responsible for the enactment of the council in ancient Israel, both in the cities and in the royal palace. In the former, they were managing conflicts, and, in the latter, advising for policy making. As for the former, the institution of the ‘city of refuge’ in the Old Testament is the best example as a witness to the conflict arbitration mechanism. It was the authority of the elders in the council that actually made the process of arbitration be carried out.
Usually discussion and counselling were initially made in a council by a number of members, and, afterward, the head of the council made an ultimate decision. Unlike today, decision by the majority was not what was commonly carried out to make a decision in the council. The reverence for the authority of the head of the council, therefore, was the key for arbitrating the conflicts of the society. Furthermore, the divine authority was employed to sort out more complicated and hardly solvable problems. The mechanism for it was the ‘casting lots,’ which was resorting to ‘chance.’ In the primitive and ancient world, however, ‘chance’ was not understood as an accidental happening but as an intervention of the divine will. In conclusion, it was the authority of the elders, which is of their tradition, and the divine will as well, which is of their religion, that could possibly facilitate the arbitrating and conciliating process to settle the conflicts of the ancient Israelite society.
It was the elders who were responsible for the enactment of the council in ancient Israel, both in the cities and in the royal palace. In the former, they were managing conflicts, and, in the latter, advising for policy making. As for the former, the institution of the ‘city of refuge’ in the Old Testament is the best example as a witness to the conflict arbitration mechanism. It was the authority of the elders in the council that actually made the process of arbitration be carried out.
Usually discussion and counselling were initially made in a council by a number of members, and, afterward, the head of the council made an ultimate decision. Unlike today, decision by the majority was not what was commonly carried out to make a decision in the council. The reverence for the authority of the head of the council, therefore, was the key for arbitrating the conflicts of the society. Furthermore, the divine authority was employed to sort out more complicated and hardly solvable problems. The mechanism for it was the ‘casting lots,’ which was resorting to ‘chance.’ In the primitive and ancient world, however, ‘chance’ was not understood as an accidental happening but as an intervention of the divine will. In conclusion, it was the authority of the elders, which is of their tradition, and the divine will as well, which is of their religion, that could possibly facilitate the arbitrating and conciliating process to settle the conflicts of the ancient Israelite society.
목차
1. 공동체의 자구력(自救力), 인도주의적 흔적
2. 공동체의 자구력, 민주적 의결
3. 제비뽑기와 희생
4. 맺는 말
5. 참고문헌
참고문헌 (32)
참고문헌 신청
강승일 / 2015 / 이스라엘과 고대 근동의 점술 / CLC
기민석 / 2005 / 코아마르아도나이 / 침례신학대학교출판부 :145~164
기민석 / 2009 / Psalm 82: Ugaritic Voice, Israelite Song / Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies 15(2):111~130
기민석 / 2013 / 구약의 뒷골목 풍경-고대 이스라엘 사람들의 문화와 삶 / 예책
기민석 / 2018 / 열왕기상 12:1–24는 고대 이스라엘 ‘양당의회’의 흔적인가? / 한국기독교신학논총 (107):9~28
기민석 / 2005 / 코아마르아도나이 / 침례신학대학교출판부 :145~164
기민석 / 2009 / Psalm 82: Ugaritic Voice, Israelite Song / Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies 15(2):111~130
기민석 / 2013 / 구약의 뒷골목 풍경-고대 이스라엘 사람들의 문화와 삶 / 예책
기민석 / 2018 / 열왕기상 12:1–24는 고대 이스라엘 ‘양당의회’의 흔적인가? / 한국기독교신학논총 (107):9~28
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