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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
강후구 (서울장신대)
저널정보
한국구약학회 구약논단 구약논단 제24권 제3호 통권69집
발행연도
2018.9
수록면
328 - 353 (26page)

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The period of the so-called “United Monarchy” became one of the most debated periods in biblical archaeology ever since Israel Finkelstein and his colleagues advocated “Low Chronology (LC).” The archaeological period Iron Age IIA was challenged to be considered as humble and poor, and accordingly the Judean kingdom in the period was denied. An archaeological challenge to “LC” advocators occurred from Khirbet Qeiyafa, which revealed a fortification system with two gates and a casemate city wall, epigraphic evidences, a pillared storage house, a government house, and a rich pottery assemblage, all dated to the early Iron Age IIA by the excavators. The advocators of “LC” accordingly negated their dating and re-dated it to the late Iron Age I.
This paper tries to reply to Singer-Avitz’s argument (2010, 2012, 2016) in seven points: (1) surface treatment; (2) krater; (3) base of storage jar; (4) black juglet; (5) Ashdod ware; (6) geographical analysis; (7) transitional period in archaeology. None of her arguments was not based on sound data and analysis. She seemed to try to fit archaeological results from Khirbet Qeiyafa to the main arguments of “LC.” 4.1% of bowls are hand-burnished on red slip; some krater types are continuous from the Iron Age I while the others newly appeared in the Iron Age IIA; Khirbet Qeiyafa revealed flat as well as round bases of storage jars; black juglets are mainly uncovered in the Iron Age IIA and later, while those found at Tel Beth Shemesh are attributed to Level 4 (1050-950 BCE), probably to last phase of the level; Ashdod ware was found together with the Philistine Bichrome in the Iron Age I sites in the Shephelah while Khirbet Qeiyafa revealed Ashdod ware without any Bichrome; in a comparative analysis with 1182 cases from 62 sites excavated in ten different regions, parallels are found from the Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age IIB, and the most paralleled period is the Iron Age IIA.
All in all, Khirbet Qeiyafa, in which archaeological evidences for the establishment of the kingdom were uncovered, is reasonably dated to the early Iron Age IIA, which is attributed to the period of King David.

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