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초록· 키워드
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Archaeological and literary studies on the Benjamin, Judean Highlands, and Jerusalem regions are critical fields of research for understanding the formation of the kingdoms of Saul and David in the 11th-10th centuries BCE. Archaeological evidence indicates that during this period, Benjamin functioned as a strategically independent region, distinct from the Judean Highlands of the Iron IB period. This distinction was shaped by factors such as fortification efforts, advancements in terracing agriculture, and Philistine incursions. In contrast, the Judean Highlands were comparatively less politically and economically developed. The foundation of the Judahite kingdom began in early Iron IIA, centered around Hebron and Bethlehem. Over time, Judah expanded and developed, with Jerusalem emerging as its capital through fortification processes, as evidenced by the construction of stepped stone structures, large stone structures, and certain public buildings. The archaeological record further suggests that from the early-to-mid-10th century BCE onward, the Judahite kingdom extended its territory through wars with the Philistines, gradually securing dominance over the Shephelah.
Literary sources, including the History of Saul’s Rise (HSR) and the History of David’s Rise (HDR) in the Hebrew Bible, present narratives that align with these archaeological findings. By the late 11th century BCE, Saul’s kingdom had formed around the Benjamin region under Saul’s charismatic leadership, operating independently of the Judean Highlands. In contrast, David’s kingdom initially emerged with the support of the Judahite elders, centered around Bethlehem and Hebron. However, after David relocated his capital to Jerusalem, his kingdom developed based on northern Judah and southern Benjamin. Moreover, biblical accounts describe how, during Saul’s reign, Saul’s political and military activities were concentrated in Benjamin and northern Israel, largely independent of Judah. Meanwhile, David’s kingdom was initially rooted in the Judean Highlands and only later expanded into the southern Benjamin regions following the establishment of Jerusalem as the capital. This dynamic is further demonstrated by the Benjaminites’ occasional defiance of David’s authority and their efforts to incite rebellion among the northern Israelites.
Thus, both archaeological and textual data provide complementary perspectives for reconstructing the state formation of the Israelite and Judahite kingdoms during the transition from Iron I to Iron IIA periods. Accordingly, this study advocates for a critical examination of the two mutually comparable sources underscoring a holistic reconstruction of ancient Israel’s history.
Literary sources, including the History of Saul’s Rise (HSR) and the History of David’s Rise (HDR) in the Hebrew Bible, present narratives that align with these archaeological findings. By the late 11th century BCE, Saul’s kingdom had formed around the Benjamin region under Saul’s charismatic leadership, operating independently of the Judean Highlands. In contrast, David’s kingdom initially emerged with the support of the Judahite elders, centered around Bethlehem and Hebron. However, after David relocated his capital to Jerusalem, his kingdom developed based on northern Judah and southern Benjamin. Moreover, biblical accounts describe how, during Saul’s reign, Saul’s political and military activities were concentrated in Benjamin and northern Israel, largely independent of Judah. Meanwhile, David’s kingdom was initially rooted in the Judean Highlands and only later expanded into the southern Benjamin regions following the establishment of Jerusalem as the capital. This dynamic is further demonstrated by the Benjaminites’ occasional defiance of David’s authority and their efforts to incite rebellion among the northern Israelites.
Thus, both archaeological and textual data provide complementary perspectives for reconstructing the state formation of the Israelite and Judahite kingdoms during the transition from Iron I to Iron IIA periods. Accordingly, this study advocates for a critical examination of the two mutually comparable sources underscoring a holistic reconstruction of ancient Israel’s history.
목차
1. 서론
2. 고고학적 관점
3. 문헌 자료적 관점
4. 결론
참고문헌
ABSTRACT
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