기업 간 경쟁이 고도화되면서 현장의 일중독 현상에 대한 관심이 꾸준히 높아져왔다. 일중독에 대한 기존 관점은 이의 부정적 효과에 주목하여 왔는데, 이에 대한 지속적인 연구가 이루어지면서, 일중독이 부정적 결과만 유발하는 것이 아니라 긍정적 결과도 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 일중독이 경우에 따라서 부정적 결과와 긍정적 결과가 다양하게 나타나는 이유를 일중독이라는 구성개념이 다차원구성 개념이라는 점에서 찾고자 한다. 학자마다 조금의 차이가 있기는 하지만, 일반적으로 일중독은 일향유, 일강박, 일몰입과 같이 세 하위 차원으로 구성된다. 여기서, 일향유 차원은 일을 즐기는 정도를 나타내고, 일강박은 개인의 내부에서 자신도 모르게 발생하는 일에 대한 압박감을 의미하고, 일몰입은 장시간 동안 일에 몰두하는 정도를 나타낸다. 일중독이 이들 하위 차원이 결합된 개념이므로, 이들 하위 차원별로 긍정적 효과와 부정적 효과가 다르게 나타나면 하나의 구성개념이라고 하더라고 경우에 따라서 긍정적 효과와 부정적 효과가 나타날 가능성이 있다. 본 연구는 이런 가능성을 염두에 두고, 하위 차원별로 긍정적 결과와 부정적 결과에 미치는 영향을 각각 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 긍정적 결과로는 조직시민행동을, 부정적 결과로는 직무소진을 모형에 포함시키고, 이들 긍정적 그리고 부정적 결과에 대해서 각 하위 차원이 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 이를 위해서 본 연구는 일중독이 현상이 잘 일어나는 국내 대기업 종사자 432명으로부터 자료를 수집하였고, 변수 간 관계를 구조방정식모형을 통해 검증하였다. 분석결과, 긍정적 결과에 해당하는 조직시민행동에 대해서는 일향유, 일강박, 일몰입은 모두 유의한 양(+)의 관계를 보였고, 직무소진에 대해서는 일향유는 유의한 음(-)의 관계를 보였고, 일강박은 유의한 양(+)의 관계를 보였고, 일몰입는 유의한 관계를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 이론적 그리고 실무적 논의를 하였다.
As competition among firms increase around 1970s, employees were asked to work more for survival and devoting themselves to their job became prevalent across all the companies. Against this backdrop, the new words, workaholism was created even in 1970s. Although the history of workaholism is so long as this, intensive attention began to be paid to it only after 1990s. As workaholism is related with hard work or long time work, its effect is regarded to be negative and recent meta-analysis about its effects also reported that its effects are negative. For examples, workaholism is known to be related with lower performance, lower job satisfaction, high work-family conflict, bad health, and so on. In spite of conventional view on workaholism, it is difficult to conclude that workaholism has negative effects in workplace for several reason. The negative consequences of workaholism taken for examples is not caused directly by workaholism that is nothing more than psychological state but by long time work that is one out of several consequences of workaholism. With deeper consideration into the meaning of workaholism, we can see that workaholism is multi-dimensional construct and has work involvement, work driven, work enjoyment as sub-dimensions. Each sub-dimensions are expected to influence differently. We can expect workaholism may have negative or positive effects depending on the sub-dimensions. In fact, many studied proved workaholism has not only negative effects but also positive effects. Focusing on the multi-dimensional nature of workaholism, we expected each its sub-dimension has differential effects and their differential effects may cause positive effects and negative effect depending on situation. We included organizational citizenship behavior as a positive consequence and job burnout as a negative consequence in the model and analyzed the relationship between each sub-dimension of workaholism and two kinds of consequences with the method of structural equation model. We collected data from the 432 employees who work for Korean large firm because workaholism is likely to happened to them and tested the our expectation with structural equation model. The result showed as followings. Work enjoyment dimension showed positive effects on OCB (b = .376, p < .001) and negative effect on burnout(b = -.224, p < .001). Work driven dimension showed positive effect on OCB(b = .093, p < .01) and on burnout(b = .186, p < .001). Work involvement dimension showed positive effect on OCB (b = .428, p < .001) and no significant effect on burnout. As we expected each dimension did not show same effects on two kinds of consequences. Work enjoyment dimension seems to increase positive consequences but decrease negative consequences. Work driven dimension seems to increase not only positive consequences but also negative consequences. Work involvement seems to be related only to positive consequences. With these results, we can conclude that the effect of each sub-dimension of workholism does not influence the same consequence in the same direction but has differential effects on the same consequences. These differential effects of each sub-dimension may cause inconstant result depending on the studies. Furthermore, we discussed theoretical and practical implication of our studies on the base of the results.