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학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
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Regarding the labor issues, the outstanding difference between the 1920s and the 1930s is that the state intervened to manage and control the labor issues directly and systematically. Enterprenuers also pursued scientific and systematic management of the production process through managerial innovations. This article analyses the institutionalizing process of the production proces inside firms. The essential features of the restructuring proces inside firms in the 1930s are the substitution of superannuated machinery and the introduction of production control system, instead of labor contract system(包工頭制). While the latter is man-oriented labor management system, the former is technology-based labor management system.
These trends resulted in the dismantlement of the deep-rooted conventions of Shanghai labor society such as labor contract system(包工頭制), which caused serious shock to and resistance from the labor society. The labor society, however, resisted these trends with disputes against strict factory rules, the changed wage system, restructuring of the work system and the introduction of the incentive system which resulted from the restructuring of firms. Besides, the other factors such as increasing instability in employment of the 1930s, reduction of the labor forces, and the deep-rooted conventions of labor also caused the stagnation of the restructuring of firms. Laborers resisted against these restructuring processes by entrusting themselves on underground organizations such as banghui(?會) which allows public scrutiny.
In opposition to the institutionalization processes by the state and firms, laborers adapted themselves to the changed situations by the local-based networks which are self-preserving- survival mechanisms.
The local-based networks played an essential role in the employment and execution of business even under production control system, a typical example of institutionalization of the production proceses. This shows the old conventions are included with a new structure within a production proceses. The strong continuity of local-based networks in employment even under production control system, especially division of labor market owing to unique family registers(籍貫) shows the strong flexibility of local-based networks to the change toward modem labor control system. In the 1920s labors from Subei(蘇北) such as Anhui(安徽) could not get jobs in sectors of somewhat better working conditions. But even in the 1930s this situation did not change much. In addition, the hierarchical character depending on native-place in the 1930s was the same with that in the 1920s overall. For example Ningbo people were working in the areas of upper level of wages and better working conditions. On the other hand, Subei(蘇北) people were working in the lower level of wages and worse conditions. This means that the division of labor market owing to native-place is the other side of the hierarchical aspects in the production system owing to native-place.
In conclusion, the traditional networks such as local-based networks adapted themselves to the changed situation even in the 1930s. Strictly speaking, however, this might rather be called the continuity of the existing structure than the flexibility because the traditional conventions themselves did not change their fundamental characteristics. We should say that the existing structure in the labor world adapt themselves to the new situation by introducing just parts of the changes, which did not affect the existing structure fundamentally.
These trends resulted in the dismantlement of the deep-rooted conventions of Shanghai labor society such as labor contract system(包工頭制), which caused serious shock to and resistance from the labor society. The labor society, however, resisted these trends with disputes against strict factory rules, the changed wage system, restructuring of the work system and the introduction of the incentive system which resulted from the restructuring of firms. Besides, the other factors such as increasing instability in employment of the 1930s, reduction of the labor forces, and the deep-rooted conventions of labor also caused the stagnation of the restructuring of firms. Laborers resisted against these restructuring processes by entrusting themselves on underground organizations such as banghui(?會) which allows public scrutiny.
In opposition to the institutionalization processes by the state and firms, laborers adapted themselves to the changed situations by the local-based networks which are self-preserving- survival mechanisms.
The local-based networks played an essential role in the employment and execution of business even under production control system, a typical example of institutionalization of the production proceses. This shows the old conventions are included with a new structure within a production proceses. The strong continuity of local-based networks in employment even under production control system, especially division of labor market owing to unique family registers(籍貫) shows the strong flexibility of local-based networks to the change toward modem labor control system. In the 1920s labors from Subei(蘇北) such as Anhui(安徽) could not get jobs in sectors of somewhat better working conditions. But even in the 1930s this situation did not change much. In addition, the hierarchical character depending on native-place in the 1930s was the same with that in the 1920s overall. For example Ningbo people were working in the areas of upper level of wages and better working conditions. On the other hand, Subei(蘇北) people were working in the lower level of wages and worse conditions. This means that the division of labor market owing to native-place is the other side of the hierarchical aspects in the production system owing to native-place.
In conclusion, the traditional networks such as local-based networks adapted themselves to the changed situation even in the 1930s. Strictly speaking, however, this might rather be called the continuity of the existing structure than the flexibility because the traditional conventions themselves did not change their fundamental characteristics. We should say that the existing structure in the labor world adapt themselves to the new situation by introducing just parts of the changes, which did not affect the existing structure fundamentally.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 기업 구조개편과 생산과정의 제도화
Ⅲ. 노동계의 대응
Ⅳ. 맺음말을 대신하여
〈Abstract〉
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2010-911-002859953