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Although Nietzsche influenced Russian intellectuals greatly in Russian literature, his presence was always in the shadows. It was due to historical and political reasons under the Soviet regime that he was not properly evaluated. During World War II in the Western world, Nietzsche was most often referred to as a national Communist. Sometimes he was incorrectly called a Fascist Idealist. For this reason, Soviet scholars were not able to study Nietzsches influence freely. His impact on literature is now being re-evaluated. particularly in a literature movement of Symbolism.
Nietzsches influence on the Russian symbolist poets - Merezhkovsky, Bely, Ivanov, Blok - is truly immense as they quote Nietzsches writings and debate over theoretical essence. Nietzches influence on the Russian intelligentsia has both positive and negative sides. While some Russians have tried to defend Nietzsches thoughts and to make it reality. others have developed their own ideas, fighting and rejecting Nietzsches thoughts. But what all of them have had in common is that they have been very enthusiastic about Nietzsche in their young days and later turned away from him, denouncing or criticizing him harshly. Since the failure of the 1905 revolution. Russian Symbolist poetry & literature movement has undergone a transitional period and their interests have moved from religious. idealistic Mysticism to the political and social problems of the time.
Ivanov proclaimed social responsibility of the artists and emphasized the duties of religion over the fate of the Russian people, expressing his strong concern with religious moral. Bely, on the other hand, showed great efforts to connect the writers agony over the destiny of Russian people with Symbolism, stressing Russian literature as a religious savior.
Russian Symbolism had thus tied the unification of God and the real world with the desire to establish an unrealistic art world, until it was disorganized in the end due to the failure to catch up the rapid change in reality. Russian Symbolism was partly influenced by French Symbolism, however, its nature was unique as it went through qualitative changes to Symbolism with its religious, philosophical thoughts and new interests on the trend of lyric poetry toward Symbolism.
Russian Symbolism should be understood as a phenomenal part of the cultural expansion and development following the radical expansion of Capitalism, but not as repulsive to Realism and Collectivism. It reflected by nature the Bourgeois corruption and misbehavior and was a search for a new arena of arts as well. The fact that Russians diverted their interests from their connection with European Bourgeois theory to Russian Nationalist theory, coming back to their own political and social reality has an important meaning in understanding the nature of Russian Symbolist poetry and literature.
Nietzsches influence on the Russian symbolist poets - Merezhkovsky, Bely, Ivanov, Blok - is truly immense as they quote Nietzsches writings and debate over theoretical essence. Nietzches influence on the Russian intelligentsia has both positive and negative sides. While some Russians have tried to defend Nietzsches thoughts and to make it reality. others have developed their own ideas, fighting and rejecting Nietzsches thoughts. But what all of them have had in common is that they have been very enthusiastic about Nietzsche in their young days and later turned away from him, denouncing or criticizing him harshly. Since the failure of the 1905 revolution. Russian Symbolist poetry & literature movement has undergone a transitional period and their interests have moved from religious. idealistic Mysticism to the political and social problems of the time.
Ivanov proclaimed social responsibility of the artists and emphasized the duties of religion over the fate of the Russian people, expressing his strong concern with religious moral. Bely, on the other hand, showed great efforts to connect the writers agony over the destiny of Russian people with Symbolism, stressing Russian literature as a religious savior.
Russian Symbolism had thus tied the unification of God and the real world with the desire to establish an unrealistic art world, until it was disorganized in the end due to the failure to catch up the rapid change in reality. Russian Symbolism was partly influenced by French Symbolism, however, its nature was unique as it went through qualitative changes to Symbolism with its religious, philosophical thoughts and new interests on the trend of lyric poetry toward Symbolism.
Russian Symbolism should be understood as a phenomenal part of the cultural expansion and development following the radical expansion of Capitalism, but not as repulsive to Realism and Collectivism. It reflected by nature the Bourgeois corruption and misbehavior and was a search for a new arena of arts as well. The fact that Russians diverted their interests from their connection with European Bourgeois theory to Russian Nationalist theory, coming back to their own political and social reality has an important meaning in understanding the nature of Russian Symbolist poetry and literature.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 니체와 러시아
Ⅲ. 상징주의 시인들과 니체
Ⅳ. 맺은말
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