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This study analyzes the introduction, distribution, and the development of sweet potato cultivation methods in 18th century Joseon. While Jo Eom, who visited Japan in 1763 as a member of Diplomatic Mission(Tongsinsa), played an important role in introducing sweet potatoes into Joseon, Yi Kwangnyeo was the individual who played the decisive role in ensuring the spread of the sweet potato seeds which Jo Eom had brought back from Japan. Yi informed the Magistrate of Seoul(Hanseongbu) of the existence of sweet potatoes, and began under its tutelage to experiment with its actual cultivation. Gang Pilli, who was appointed as the Dongnae Busa in 1764, secured a large number of sweet potato seeds and proceeded to sow them in Dongnae and its surrounding areas. Gang subsequently wrote the 〈Gamjeobo(甘藷譜)〉 in which he summarized the method of cultivating sweet potatoes.
Due to the efforts of various bureaucrats and farmers, the range in which sweet potatoes were cultivated expanded from the latter period of the 18th century onwards, with most of this growth coming from the southern coastal areas. Seo Yeongbo’s report on his inspection of the Honam area in 1794, and Confucian scholar Yi Jehwa’s claim in an agricultural book make it clear that sweet potatoes were already being cultivated along the southern coastal areas during this period. In this regard, articles written by Seo Gyeongchang in the 〈Hakpoheonjip(學圃軒集)〉 during the 19th century indicate that sweet potatoes were actively cultivated in the southern parts of Jeollado, especially in areas such as Gangjin and Haenam. In addition, the 〈SallimGyeongjeboyu(山林經濟補遺)〉 which has been regarded as having been compiled during the middle of the 19th century, points out that the residents of three southern provinces evaluated the sweet potato as a crop whose importance was rivaled only by tobacco and tea. Overall, however, sweet potato cultivation during the late 18th century early 19th century can be summarized as follows: although farmers understood the characteristics of sweet potatoes, and could easily access cultivation methods, they did not regard the sweet potato as being a main crop.
Viewed from another standpoint, the implanting of the sweet potato within Joseon society during the late 18th century-early 19th century can be regarded as the developmental stage in terms of the methods of cultivating it. The cultivation of sweet potatoes depended heavily on the Japanese cultivation methods originally introduced with the sweet potato. However, cultivation methods that were amenable to the characteristics of Joseon’s soil quality and climate gradually developed. The cultivation methods used in China were referred to when developing these indigenous methods. The process through which sweet potato cultivation methods developed can be ascertained from agricultural books compiled from the late period of the 18th century onwards.
First, the method of cultivating sweet potatoes introduced into Korea from Japan by Jo Eom during the middle of the 18th century was a Japanese?style method. The cultivation methods in which Gang Pilli, the first person to compile sweet potato cultivation methods, exhibited interest in were also Japanese. However, the 〈Gamjeobo(甘藷譜)〉 compiled by Gang Pilgyo, who was Gang Pilli’s brother, included Chinese cultivation methods and the results of experimental cultivation involving sweet potatoes.
In 1813 Seo Gyeongchang compiled 〈Jongjeobang(種藷方)〉 in which he summarized the methods of cultivating sweet potatoes. He particularly emphasized the stability of preserving sweet potato seeds and fertilization. Meanwhile, in 1835, Seo Yugu compiled a book 〈Jongjeobo(種藷譜)〉 which comprehensively dealt with the methods of cultivating sweet potatoes. He summarized the process of improving cultivation methods in order to render them more amenable to the climate of Joseon, and included descriptions of the planting period and preservation methods. As such, the development of sweet potato cultivation from the late period of the 18th century onwards, while based in part on Japanese and Chinese cultivation styles, was also a process of reestablishing methods of cultivating sweet potatoes that were in accordance with Joseon's own climate.
Due to the efforts of various bureaucrats and farmers, the range in which sweet potatoes were cultivated expanded from the latter period of the 18th century onwards, with most of this growth coming from the southern coastal areas. Seo Yeongbo’s report on his inspection of the Honam area in 1794, and Confucian scholar Yi Jehwa’s claim in an agricultural book make it clear that sweet potatoes were already being cultivated along the southern coastal areas during this period. In this regard, articles written by Seo Gyeongchang in the 〈Hakpoheonjip(學圃軒集)〉 during the 19th century indicate that sweet potatoes were actively cultivated in the southern parts of Jeollado, especially in areas such as Gangjin and Haenam. In addition, the 〈SallimGyeongjeboyu(山林經濟補遺)〉 which has been regarded as having been compiled during the middle of the 19th century, points out that the residents of three southern provinces evaluated the sweet potato as a crop whose importance was rivaled only by tobacco and tea. Overall, however, sweet potato cultivation during the late 18th century early 19th century can be summarized as follows: although farmers understood the characteristics of sweet potatoes, and could easily access cultivation methods, they did not regard the sweet potato as being a main crop.
Viewed from another standpoint, the implanting of the sweet potato within Joseon society during the late 18th century-early 19th century can be regarded as the developmental stage in terms of the methods of cultivating it. The cultivation of sweet potatoes depended heavily on the Japanese cultivation methods originally introduced with the sweet potato. However, cultivation methods that were amenable to the characteristics of Joseon’s soil quality and climate gradually developed. The cultivation methods used in China were referred to when developing these indigenous methods. The process through which sweet potato cultivation methods developed can be ascertained from agricultural books compiled from the late period of the 18th century onwards.
First, the method of cultivating sweet potatoes introduced into Korea from Japan by Jo Eom during the middle of the 18th century was a Japanese?style method. The cultivation methods in which Gang Pilli, the first person to compile sweet potato cultivation methods, exhibited interest in were also Japanese. However, the 〈Gamjeobo(甘藷譜)〉 compiled by Gang Pilgyo, who was Gang Pilli’s brother, included Chinese cultivation methods and the results of experimental cultivation involving sweet potatoes.
In 1813 Seo Gyeongchang compiled 〈Jongjeobang(種藷方)〉 in which he summarized the methods of cultivating sweet potatoes. He particularly emphasized the stability of preserving sweet potato seeds and fertilization. Meanwhile, in 1835, Seo Yugu compiled a book 〈Jongjeobo(種藷譜)〉 which comprehensively dealt with the methods of cultivating sweet potatoes. He summarized the process of improving cultivation methods in order to render them more amenable to the climate of Joseon, and included descriptions of the planting period and preservation methods. As such, the development of sweet potato cultivation from the late period of the 18th century onwards, while based in part on Japanese and Chinese cultivation styles, was also a process of reestablishing methods of cultivating sweet potatoes that were in accordance with Joseon's own climate.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 고구마의 도입 과정
Ⅲ. 고구마 재배의 보급
Ⅳ. 고구마 재배법의 정리 과정
Ⅴ. 맺음말
〈ABSTRACT〉
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2009-911-018333147