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This paper analyzes the land system during the Goryeo dynasty, focusing especially on the Sajeon system. by conducting a comparison with the land systems found in China and Japan. The Goryeo dynasty borrowed the basic framework for its land system from the Tang dynasty. In fact, just as had been done in Tang China. Goryeo separated the usage of land into the Gongjeon and Sajeon systems. However, differences emerged between the Tang and Goryeo dynasties over the institutions used to implement their land systems. As such, while the land system of the Tang dynasty was established based on the Gyunjeon system, Goryeo's was not.
Goryeo possessed a national land distribution framework which was based on the concepts of Sajeon and Gongjeon: the Sajeon being concerned with the lands distributed to the government officials. On the other hand, Gongjeon was used to refer to those lands that provided revenues for the royal family and to the management of government offices, as well as to the Minjeon, which referred to the lands distributed to regular farmers in accordance with the Wangto principle a land system implemented during China's Zhou dynasty which was based on the concept that all the land of a state belonged to the king. Therefore, there was no concept of private ownership in the Goryeo dynasty.
However, the biggest differences between the Goryeo and Tang dynasties when it came to the land system were the following. In the Goryeo dynasty, all forms of Minjeon, such as the Yeongeopjeon and Gubunjeon which were distributed to farmers. were included as part of the 3-Gwa Gongjeon, while in the Tang dynasty these were classified as part of the Sajeon. On the other hand, the Goryeo dynasty also included the Yangbanjeon, Gungwonjeon, Sawonjeon, Guninjeon, and Giinjeon in the Sajeon, just as was done under the Tang dynasty. Nevertheless, contrary to the original meaning of the Wangto principle, to have land distributed by the state, in Goryeo the yangban class controlled the Sanjeonju. Moreover, the Goryeo dynasty's also employed the Gungwonjeon as a means of rewarding royal guards, and used the Sawonjeon to reinforce the ruling ideology of the state. Additionally, Goryeo also made use of the Guninjeon and Giinjeon systems as its mechanism to dole out land to the military and local governments.
Thus, the concept of Sajeon in the Goryeo dynasty was not established based on the Minjeon, which included the 3-Gwa Gongjeon, but as a separate system. More to the point. Goryeo's Sajeon was managed based on the Jeonho system. Under this Jeonho system. which was similar to the Jeonin system implemented in the Tang dynasty, the government mobilized farmers to toil the its lands and distributed the yield to the Sajeonju through its national distribution networks. However, as this Jeonho system involved a high rate of taxation compared to the Gongjeon, the system became unmanageable and began to collapse at the beginning of the 12th century.
Goryeo possessed a national land distribution framework which was based on the concepts of Sajeon and Gongjeon: the Sajeon being concerned with the lands distributed to the government officials. On the other hand, Gongjeon was used to refer to those lands that provided revenues for the royal family and to the management of government offices, as well as to the Minjeon, which referred to the lands distributed to regular farmers in accordance with the Wangto principle a land system implemented during China's Zhou dynasty which was based on the concept that all the land of a state belonged to the king. Therefore, there was no concept of private ownership in the Goryeo dynasty.
However, the biggest differences between the Goryeo and Tang dynasties when it came to the land system were the following. In the Goryeo dynasty, all forms of Minjeon, such as the Yeongeopjeon and Gubunjeon which were distributed to farmers. were included as part of the 3-Gwa Gongjeon, while in the Tang dynasty these were classified as part of the Sajeon. On the other hand, the Goryeo dynasty also included the Yangbanjeon, Gungwonjeon, Sawonjeon, Guninjeon, and Giinjeon in the Sajeon, just as was done under the Tang dynasty. Nevertheless, contrary to the original meaning of the Wangto principle, to have land distributed by the state, in Goryeo the yangban class controlled the Sanjeonju. Moreover, the Goryeo dynasty's also employed the Gungwonjeon as a means of rewarding royal guards, and used the Sawonjeon to reinforce the ruling ideology of the state. Additionally, Goryeo also made use of the Guninjeon and Giinjeon systems as its mechanism to dole out land to the military and local governments.
Thus, the concept of Sajeon in the Goryeo dynasty was not established based on the Minjeon, which included the 3-Gwa Gongjeon, but as a separate system. More to the point. Goryeo's Sajeon was managed based on the Jeonho system. Under this Jeonho system. which was similar to the Jeonin system implemented in the Tang dynasty, the government mobilized farmers to toil the its lands and distributed the yield to the Sajeonju through its national distribution networks. However, as this Jeonho system involved a high rate of taxation compared to the Gongjeon, the system became unmanageable and began to collapse at the beginning of the 12th century.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 전근대 중국과 일본의 토지개념
Ⅲ. 고려시대의 공전과 사전
Ⅳ. 맺음말
ABSTRACT
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2010-911-002269831