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A Study of the Decay of Balhae Kingdom
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발해의 멸망과정과 원인

논문 기본 정보

Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
Society for Korean Ancient History The Journal of Korean Ancient History Vol.50 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2008.6
Pages
103 - 131 (29page)

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A Study of the Decay of Balhae Kingdom
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Abstract· Keywords

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There are many opinions among researchers about when the war between Balhae and Khitan(契丹) which caused the decay of Balhae Kingdom broke. It was on the 16th, December, 925, when the King of Khitan Yayulabogi(耶律阿保磯) declared the war against Balhae, but it was on 16th, when Khitan army started their military strategy; and on 21st, the army moved toward the territory of Balhae, and finally they confronted with the Balhae army on 29th, Dec at the Fortress Buyeo(夫餘城) which was the first line of defence of Balhae. In brief, it took thirteen days for the Khitan army to begin a combat with the Balhae army since their declaration of war.
The Fortress Buyeo, guided by picked troops, was taken by the Khitan three days after their attack. And just six days after the conquest of the Fortress, on 9th, Jan. 926, the capital of Balhae Kingdom Sangkyeong(上京) became surrounded by Khitan; it just took only 6 days for Khitan to get to the capital fortress 400km away from the Fortress Buyeo. And finally three more days after the king of Balhae, Daeinseon(大??) surrendered to the Khitan. There was no more violent conflicts between two than small scale of fights, not powerful, after a formal event of surrender.
Here we can think of many causes of the war and the defeat of Balhae Kingdom within a few days after the attack from Khitan. The first point to be considered is the failure of military discipline: letting the advance party of Khitan march to the capital from the Fortress Buyeo(400km away from the capital) in six days is a apparent evidence that the defence system of Balhae based on the fortresses did not work. Even when the central government appointed Losang(老相) to the post of the army commander, the defeat of Balhae was anticipated, which means the Balhae government had no desire to drive back the attack of the Khitan not by military power but by a political plan.
The unpowerful counteract of thirty thousand soldiers led by Losang(an old minister) from Balhae, in some sense, revealed the domestic failure: soon after many officials fled to neighboring country Goryeo the military attack by Khitan was performed and without any difficulty the Khitan could take over the place. With domestic discord Balhae became to lose former effective and strategic stance to the contemporary international politics, which caused the complete ruin of the Balhae Kingdom in 10th century.
#契丹 #6일 #上京城 #老相 #紀綱解弛 #內紛 #Khitan #6 days #Sangkyeong #Losang #the failure of military discipline #the domestic discord

Contents

국문초록
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 발해의 멸망과정
Ⅲ. 발해의 멸망원인
Ⅳ. 맺음말
참고문헌
Abstract

References (41)

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1. [학위논문] - 金東宇 / 2006 / 渤海 地方 統治體制 硏究－渤海 首領을 中心으로－ / 박사 / 고려대학교 google schola 2. [기타자료] - 동북아역사재단 / 2007 / 金毓?의 東北通史. 下 google schola 3. [단행본] - 朴玉杰 / 1996 / 高麗時代의 歸化人 硏究 / 국학자료원 google schola 4. [단행본] - 上田雄 / 1992 / 渤海國の謎 / 講談社 google schola 5. [단행본] - 宋基豪 / 1995 / 渤海政治史硏究 / 일조각 google schola

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