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When we read some Korean modern literary writings written in the colonial period of Korea, it's easy to find that there were many authors who got motives based on experiences under the colony. This paper is to exemplify a few writers in this category such as Han Yong-Woon (1879-1944), Lim Hwa(1908-1953), Kim Ki-Rim (1908-?), Paek Sheok(1912-95?), who strove to decolonize Korea in accordance with their ideology. They put their principles - regarding their writings as a mirror of anticolonialism - into practice. They underwent all sorts of hardships during the Japanese rule. One of Japan's cultural obliteration policies was 'manuscripts censorship'. Namely, most books and periodicals of those days had to be submitted for the censorship on the ground of 'Japanization platforms'. Despite Japanese brutalities, they kept writing against the colonialism. We can not only understand the historical meanings in their works but also find out many various movements or campaigns of Korean people. Particularly, their historical significances can be summarized into three aspects. Firstly, it has an important meaning - cultural and political resistance - that Korean learned men took the leading part against Japanese imperial policies. Secondly, it is the stepping stone with which Koreans open their eyes on the importance of their own literature not in Japanese but in Korean - 'Han-gul'. Lastly, it has unique feature in that it is a socialistic movement based on Marxism and cultural nationalism as well.
Han Yong-Woon, a national representative, took part in the' March 1 Movement' in 1919. He was a very aggressive and active writer who combined many separated and scattered national or social movement into one. He wasa Buddhist priest-poet and his ideas contained both modern rationalism and traditional Zen Buddhism. So he carried national and practical thoughts and rendered distinguished services in person for this period. His most important anthology of poems, Silence of Lover, dealt with a woman who parted from her lover and endured many hardships and disgraces, but she never succumbed to the misfortunes, looking forward to the reunion with her lover. He implicated in his anthology the independence of his own nation; as it were, she is compared to his nation and her reunion with her lover is the independence of nation. Through this allegory, he sought to overcome the absurd treatments under colony.
Lim Hwa was not only a poet but also a critic. As a leader of KAPF (Korea Artista Proletaria Federatio; socialistic literature session influenced by marxism), he was a distinguished marxist and exercised a far-reaching influence upon literary circles from 1925 to 1935. As he had studied Marx, he made head or tail of Japanese imperialism; his big motto was the enhancement of his people's political consciousness. Above all, he considered Japanese imperialism in terms of Marx's class theory. So he bolstered Korea people's enlightenment and argued that it is inevitable to have interaction with Japanese progressive writers. He sought to combine Korean literary movement with Marxism and encouraged many writers to create works of realism. After KAPF went through a bitter ordeals by 'ideology censorship' in 1931, he wrote many poems and critical essays on realism in Korean newspaper.
Kim Ki-Rim studied European modernism in Tokyo. Some years later, he took the initiative of the Korea modernism movement. What with his clinging to modernism movement and what with emphasizing on the importance of conservation and improvement in Korea language, he attained eminence in the literature. Period of Prosperity and Train Derailment are the outstanding short stories dealing with people's destitute lives in northern isolated districts in Korea. He described the exploited class and sweated labors of Koreans more specifically. Futhermore, he depicted that the hard-handed ruler-Japan was amoral and that their international vision did not extend beyond an insatiable thirst for economic power.
Paek Sheok, who majored in English literature, was a poet who studied deeply the' Irish Literary Renaissance' in the beginning of the 20th century. He preferred John Middleton Singe, who had observed the lifestyle of Ireland people and wrote his works in Ireland dialect, to James Joyce, an internationally famous novelist who wrote in English. Paek's poetry are considerably different from others in his age. Especially, his poetry are distinctive in representing aboriginal lives and in commanding dialects. In addition, he created peculiar poetic realism by using the dialects of some rural regions. In his later years, he moved to Manchuria, and then he spent most time in writing some remarkable Korean poems.
Although we can find out the traces of 'imitation, double-consciousness, ambivalent attitude' of colonial culture in works of those modern writers, their decolonizing writings play an important role in making Korean modern national culture during the Japanese rule. Some of those modern writers, who were alive through colonialism, took important role in Korean writers' removing Japanese vestige and in starting the 'national literature' after the national liberation in 1945.
Han Yong-Woon, a national representative, took part in the' March 1 Movement' in 1919. He was a very aggressive and active writer who combined many separated and scattered national or social movement into one. He wasa Buddhist priest-poet and his ideas contained both modern rationalism and traditional Zen Buddhism. So he carried national and practical thoughts and rendered distinguished services in person for this period. His most important anthology of poems, Silence of Lover, dealt with a woman who parted from her lover and endured many hardships and disgraces, but she never succumbed to the misfortunes, looking forward to the reunion with her lover. He implicated in his anthology the independence of his own nation; as it were, she is compared to his nation and her reunion with her lover is the independence of nation. Through this allegory, he sought to overcome the absurd treatments under colony.
Lim Hwa was not only a poet but also a critic. As a leader of KAPF (Korea Artista Proletaria Federatio; socialistic literature session influenced by marxism), he was a distinguished marxist and exercised a far-reaching influence upon literary circles from 1925 to 1935. As he had studied Marx, he made head or tail of Japanese imperialism; his big motto was the enhancement of his people's political consciousness. Above all, he considered Japanese imperialism in terms of Marx's class theory. So he bolstered Korea people's enlightenment and argued that it is inevitable to have interaction with Japanese progressive writers. He sought to combine Korean literary movement with Marxism and encouraged many writers to create works of realism. After KAPF went through a bitter ordeals by 'ideology censorship' in 1931, he wrote many poems and critical essays on realism in Korean newspaper.
Kim Ki-Rim studied European modernism in Tokyo. Some years later, he took the initiative of the Korea modernism movement. What with his clinging to modernism movement and what with emphasizing on the importance of conservation and improvement in Korea language, he attained eminence in the literature. Period of Prosperity and Train Derailment are the outstanding short stories dealing with people's destitute lives in northern isolated districts in Korea. He described the exploited class and sweated labors of Koreans more specifically. Futhermore, he depicted that the hard-handed ruler-Japan was amoral and that their international vision did not extend beyond an insatiable thirst for economic power.
Paek Sheok, who majored in English literature, was a poet who studied deeply the' Irish Literary Renaissance' in the beginning of the 20th century. He preferred John Middleton Singe, who had observed the lifestyle of Ireland people and wrote his works in Ireland dialect, to James Joyce, an internationally famous novelist who wrote in English. Paek's poetry are considerably different from others in his age. Especially, his poetry are distinctive in representing aboriginal lives and in commanding dialects. In addition, he created peculiar poetic realism by using the dialects of some rural regions. In his later years, he moved to Manchuria, and then he spent most time in writing some remarkable Korean poems.
Although we can find out the traces of 'imitation, double-consciousness, ambivalent attitude' of colonial culture in works of those modern writers, their decolonizing writings play an important role in making Korean modern national culture during the Japanese rule. Some of those modern writers, who were alive through colonialism, took important role in Korean writers' removing Japanese vestige and in starting the 'national literature' after the national liberation in 1945.
목차
1. 한국 근대문학에서 ‘식민주의의 경험’과 탈식민주의의 문제
2. 일본 식민주의와 한국 시인들의 조선주의/계급주의 문화운동의 대립 - 탈식민주의적 글쓰기의 몇 가지 흐름
3. 해방 후 민족문학론의 등장, 그리고 ‘그때와 지금’ - 마무리
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