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Since the Uruguay Round negotiations started before environmental issues were brought to stage, the topics related to trade and the environment did not appear in the Uruguay Round as separate subjects. However, there are provisions explicitly or implicitly related to the environment in UR agreements. First of all, the preamble of the World Trade Organization explicitly refers to the objective of sustainable development and the need to protect and preserve the environment. Also, a discussion was adopted to establish a WTO Committee on Trade and Environment, although whether it will be permanent or ad hoc was not decided.
With regard to the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT) measures, the UR Agreement encourages countries to use international standards, but it does not require them to harmonize their domestic regulations and standards upwards and downwards as a result of international standardization activities. For the improvement of market access, the Uruguay Round enhanced developing countries' export opportunities through the reduction of tariff escalation and removal of non-tariff barriers with their main trading partners, and specifically in areas such as textiles and clothing.
The trade-environment issue includes two intrinsically different but closely kinked types of issues: the analytical issues and the negotiation-related issues. The analytical issues refers to the inquires into the causal link between trade policy and or environmental quality, usually the topics of economic research. The negotiation-related issues mean the subjects of controversies on how to reconcile the present and potential conflicts between environmentally motivated policy goals and international trade rules. At present, of utmost interest is of course the negotiation-rrelated issues.
However, the analytical issues are also important, in that, the result of the analyses may significantly affect the orientation of the negotiation-related issues.
From an environmentalist viewpoint, Korea's position may seem to be biased toward the trade side. However, Korea, like any other countries, agrees that trade provisions may be used to ensure the environmental effectiveness of an MEA under some conditions. It should be noted that Korea's intention is to safeguard agajnst the possibility of abusing trade measures relating to MEAs.
With regard to the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT) measures, the UR Agreement encourages countries to use international standards, but it does not require them to harmonize their domestic regulations and standards upwards and downwards as a result of international standardization activities. For the improvement of market access, the Uruguay Round enhanced developing countries' export opportunities through the reduction of tariff escalation and removal of non-tariff barriers with their main trading partners, and specifically in areas such as textiles and clothing.
The trade-environment issue includes two intrinsically different but closely kinked types of issues: the analytical issues and the negotiation-related issues. The analytical issues refers to the inquires into the causal link between trade policy and or environmental quality, usually the topics of economic research. The negotiation-related issues mean the subjects of controversies on how to reconcile the present and potential conflicts between environmentally motivated policy goals and international trade rules. At present, of utmost interest is of course the negotiation-rrelated issues.
However, the analytical issues are also important, in that, the result of the analyses may significantly affect the orientation of the negotiation-related issues.
From an environmentalist viewpoint, Korea's position may seem to be biased toward the trade side. However, Korea, like any other countries, agrees that trade provisions may be used to ensure the environmental effectiveness of an MEA under some conditions. It should be noted that Korea's intention is to safeguard agajnst the possibility of abusing trade measures relating to MEAs.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. GATT와 國內環境規制
Ⅲ. 그린라운드와 環境-貿易 規制
Ⅳ. UR이후 多者間 貿易協商展望
Ⅴ. 結言
參考文獻
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