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This paper is intended to analyze and criticize the character of the Korean Workers' party as the supra-constitutional ruling machinery dominating
North Korea today, with major emphasis on the historical process of its formation, and constitutes chapter 4 of "Governing Structure in North Korea," a research which I have been understanding at the Asiatic Research center.
In proceeding with this research I needed, of course, to re-examine, to a considerable extent, some of the historical data in view of the customary practice of communists to distort history- to distort past event in order to beauify the present ruling class. Since a specialized research project on " the History of the Communist party in Korea" is currently underway by competent researchers at the Asiatic Research Center I would like to review the history of the communist party in Korea very briefly as it relates to my present research work and to present some of its problems.
1. The Leading Position of the Communist Party
Kim, il-song, ignoring the Constitution, has professedly stipulated that "the people's government is the executor of all the lines and policies of our party." and the party's control is so penetrating as to exercise surveillance on private lives of all residents. There is no clause in North Korea equivalent to article 126 of the Russian constitution.
2. Accounts of the Korean Communist Party in the Early Period
The struggle of the Korean Communist Party founded in 1925 is either underestimated or regarded as heretical by ruling communists of North Korea today. The North Korean communists call themselves "true communists" declaring that they have cut themselves off from the past. However, movements for a Bolshevik party by Koreans date back to the Russian revolution of 1917. The Korean Communist Party had existed until 1928, when it was deactivated.
3. Communist movements in Manchuria and The Debut of Kim, Il-song
Korean communists who had immigrated to Manchuria became integrated into the organization of the Chinese Communist Party in accordance with "The principle of on party for each country" set forth by the Comintern. Kim, Il-song himself was largely influenced by the Chinese Communist Party when he affiliated himself with the Communist Youth League and withdrew from a middle school in Manchuria which the Japanese then were occupying. Subsequently he became a regular member of the chinese Communist Party and also became famous for his engagement in the partisan struggle along the Korean-Manchurian border. However, he took refuge in Soviet Russia, fleeling mopping up operations of the Japanese Army. Official publications in the Communist North Korea today are all trying to conceal the fact that Kim, Il-song was once a member of the Chinese Communist Party in the 1930's. This is calculated to give Kim, Il-song the image of national hero without impairing the national pride of Korean people.
4. Construction of the Communist Party in the Post-Liberation Period
Although North Korean Communists boast a brilliant tradition it was an undeniable fact that they had no unified party of their own at the time of Liberation. It was true communists gathered around Kim, Il-song who formed the main stream of the Communist Party which was being built in the Russian-occupied North Korea. This clique of the Kapsan faction easily crushed the Domestic faction and succeeded in establishing the Korean Workers' Party absorbing the New People's Party which largely consisted of the Chinese Communist faction and Yennan faction. Leading communists of the South Korean Workers' Party who went to North Korea were defeated in the power struggle for hegemony of the party and purged. "The Kim, Il-song system" has become consolidated, overcoming the de-Stanlinzation movement advocated by Khrushchev in 1956 and it declared boastfully at the fourth general convention of the party "our party has never been stronger in organization and ideology that today.
5. Character of the Korean Workers' Party
Major features of the North Korean Communist Party may be pointed out as (1) severance from the past, (2) growth of the party under the patronage of Occupation Forces and lack of power struggle for leadership, (3) a deep-rooted psychological attitude favorable towards Stalinism and Red China and (4) its bureaucracy and personality cult. In spite of some economic build-up resulting from the strengthened personal dictatorship, the North Korean Communist will hardly find itself stable when it confronts the new trial of the Sino-Soviet split due to the short span of its history and the lack of any deep-rooted support from the people.
North Korea today, with major emphasis on the historical process of its formation, and constitutes chapter 4 of "Governing Structure in North Korea," a research which I have been understanding at the Asiatic Research center.
In proceeding with this research I needed, of course, to re-examine, to a considerable extent, some of the historical data in view of the customary practice of communists to distort history- to distort past event in order to beauify the present ruling class. Since a specialized research project on " the History of the Communist party in Korea" is currently underway by competent researchers at the Asiatic Research Center I would like to review the history of the communist party in Korea very briefly as it relates to my present research work and to present some of its problems.
1. The Leading Position of the Communist Party
Kim, il-song, ignoring the Constitution, has professedly stipulated that "the people's government is the executor of all the lines and policies of our party." and the party's control is so penetrating as to exercise surveillance on private lives of all residents. There is no clause in North Korea equivalent to article 126 of the Russian constitution.
2. Accounts of the Korean Communist Party in the Early Period
The struggle of the Korean Communist Party founded in 1925 is either underestimated or regarded as heretical by ruling communists of North Korea today. The North Korean communists call themselves "true communists" declaring that they have cut themselves off from the past. However, movements for a Bolshevik party by Koreans date back to the Russian revolution of 1917. The Korean Communist Party had existed until 1928, when it was deactivated.
3. Communist movements in Manchuria and The Debut of Kim, Il-song
Korean communists who had immigrated to Manchuria became integrated into the organization of the Chinese Communist Party in accordance with "The principle of on party for each country" set forth by the Comintern. Kim, Il-song himself was largely influenced by the Chinese Communist Party when he affiliated himself with the Communist Youth League and withdrew from a middle school in Manchuria which the Japanese then were occupying. Subsequently he became a regular member of the chinese Communist Party and also became famous for his engagement in the partisan struggle along the Korean-Manchurian border. However, he took refuge in Soviet Russia, fleeling mopping up operations of the Japanese Army. Official publications in the Communist North Korea today are all trying to conceal the fact that Kim, Il-song was once a member of the Chinese Communist Party in the 1930's. This is calculated to give Kim, Il-song the image of national hero without impairing the national pride of Korean people.
4. Construction of the Communist Party in the Post-Liberation Period
Although North Korean Communists boast a brilliant tradition it was an undeniable fact that they had no unified party of their own at the time of Liberation. It was true communists gathered around Kim, Il-song who formed the main stream of the Communist Party which was being built in the Russian-occupied North Korea. This clique of the Kapsan faction easily crushed the Domestic faction and succeeded in establishing the Korean Workers' Party absorbing the New People's Party which largely consisted of the Chinese Communist faction and Yennan faction. Leading communists of the South Korean Workers' Party who went to North Korea were defeated in the power struggle for hegemony of the party and purged. "The Kim, Il-song system" has become consolidated, overcoming the de-Stanlinzation movement advocated by Khrushchev in 1956 and it declared boastfully at the fourth general convention of the party "our party has never been stronger in organization and ideology that today.
5. Character of the Korean Workers' Party
Major features of the North Korean Communist Party may be pointed out as (1) severance from the past, (2) growth of the party under the patronage of Occupation Forces and lack of power struggle for leadership, (3) a deep-rooted psychological attitude favorable towards Stalinism and Red China and (4) its bureaucracy and personality cult. In spite of some economic build-up resulting from the strengthened personal dictatorship, the North Korean Communist will hardly find itself stable when it confronts the new trial of the Sino-Soviet split due to the short span of its history and the lack of any deep-rooted support from the people.
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