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The Kim Il-song regime in 'North Korea' has been called the "puppet" regime because Kim Il-song came to power by the manipulation and assistance of the Soviet occupation force which was stationed in North Korea in 1943.
However, 10 years after the liberation of Korea from Japanese rule, that is, in 1955, the puppet regime started to raise the issue of "subjective thinking." With the gradual worsening of the Sino-Soviet dispute, 'North Korea' was known to have leaned on Communist China, weaning itself away from the Soviet Union since early 1963.
In 1965, the puppet regime again appeared to bring itself into the orbit of the Soviet influence, but was finally known to have established its own "independent" line in 1966.
The main attempt of this thesis is to study to what extent the triangular situation north of the Demilitarized Zone or what is often referred to as "northern triangular relations" has brought itself to bear on the unification policy of North Korea and its maneuvers against South Korean since 1955, the year the puppet regime started pursuing "subjective thinking."
Of course, the ideological and political platforms of the North Korean Communist closely reflect the change in delicate international relations in the Communist bloc countries.
In other words, international developments in the Red bloc are closely related to political, economic and other domestic issues of 'North Korea' and thus affect the unification policy of the puppet regime at each stage of developments.
Here a word of warning is in order. Simply because of the similarity of vocabularies between North and South Korea, we should not take vocabularies of 'North Korea' in our own terms.
For example, even the concrete concept and definition of the word "patriot" is different between North and South Korea, for they have different political systems.
Despite the difference in the meaning of vocabularies, a segment of South Koreans and foreigners struck an optimistic note when the North Korean Communists, that is the North Korean Workers Party, was reported to have declared an "independent" line in 1966.
They viewed that the Kim Il-song regime was gradually pursuing nationalism, but it was a hasty conclusion as far as the main ruling group in 'North Korea' is concerned.
As we are all well acquainted with, phrases such as "subjectivism" and "independence" have been bandied about in recent years in South Korea.
The appearance of such political vocabularies chimed in with the wide use of other political vocabularies-"multilateral diplomacy," "practical foreign diplomacy," "elimination of thinking or attitude to depend on foreign countries," "expulsion of flunkyism," "positive pursuit of neutral diplomacy with the Afro-Asian countries" and "buildup of self-reliant economy."
This phenomenon can be called an attempt to re-evaluate Korea's position in the ever-changing international situation and adjust its policy to the new situation, or re-discovery of self.
With the gradual shift of international politics from bipolarism to polycentrism, slow yet steady changes have veen taking place in both the Communist and Western blocs.
Also, the newly emerging nations have come to realize their unrealistic approaches to depend on foreign assistance alone, and have gradually started to pursue self-interest or independent policies.
Since the international communist has become simplified or individualistic on a world-wide scale beginning in the mid-19th century, Korea, though divided into two parts, cannot help finding some similarities between North and South Korea in their Sesitivity to the change of the international situation and in meeting the need of the times.
However, because of diabolically opposed ideological and political systems, the approaches of North and South Korea to the Change of the international situation cannot help being different. Hence the difference in the concept of the same political vocabulary.
For example, in South Korea, "subjectivism" means discovery of self as a required qualification for a number of a democratic society and spontaneity. "Independent" line means a policy aimed at seeking national interest and buildup of self-reliant economy in adapting the country to the change of the international situation.
However, in 'North Korea' the same word means different things. "Subjectivism" in North Korea means an independent line of activities of the North Korean Workers' Party in world Communist parties in the pursuit of its own revolutionary profits.
Subjectivism in terms of the Communists means an oppostion to revisionism and maintenance of Marx-Leninism.
But in practice, some Communist countries try to justify their opportunistic approaches in the name of upholding Marx-leninism.
Recently, the North Korean Communists started to link "subjectivism" and "independent line" to "revolutionary orthodox education." This appears to be an atttempt:
① to strengthen the cult of personality of Kim Il-song,
② to settle ideological confusion within the party - a phenomenon emerging from the worsening Sino-Soviet dispute, and
③ to justify P'yongyang's flexible foreign policy toward the Soviet Union and Communist China.
In the Parlance of the Communists, subjectivism means socialistic in form and nationalistic in culture and in the dialectic unity of form and substance, what is essentially important is substance.
However, the internal changes in the Communist bloc countries appear to take on an ironical aspect-a reaction of substance against form.
In the Russo-German war, Stalin drew on grand Russian nationalism temporarily, but the spirit appears to have become a fixed one.
After the end of World War II , the slogan of "peaceful co-existance" has been bandied about as a propaganda offensive, but the theme has now created a social environment yearning for peaceful co-existance.
Therefore, there is a possibility that subjectivism and independent line as advocated by the North Korean Communists may develop in a direction quite different from the original intention of the leaders.
This is also a main concern of this thesis.
However, 10 years after the liberation of Korea from Japanese rule, that is, in 1955, the puppet regime started to raise the issue of "subjective thinking." With the gradual worsening of the Sino-Soviet dispute, 'North Korea' was known to have leaned on Communist China, weaning itself away from the Soviet Union since early 1963.
In 1965, the puppet regime again appeared to bring itself into the orbit of the Soviet influence, but was finally known to have established its own "independent" line in 1966.
The main attempt of this thesis is to study to what extent the triangular situation north of the Demilitarized Zone or what is often referred to as "northern triangular relations" has brought itself to bear on the unification policy of North Korea and its maneuvers against South Korean since 1955, the year the puppet regime started pursuing "subjective thinking."
Of course, the ideological and political platforms of the North Korean Communist closely reflect the change in delicate international relations in the Communist bloc countries.
In other words, international developments in the Red bloc are closely related to political, economic and other domestic issues of 'North Korea' and thus affect the unification policy of the puppet regime at each stage of developments.
Here a word of warning is in order. Simply because of the similarity of vocabularies between North and South Korea, we should not take vocabularies of 'North Korea' in our own terms.
For example, even the concrete concept and definition of the word "patriot" is different between North and South Korea, for they have different political systems.
Despite the difference in the meaning of vocabularies, a segment of South Koreans and foreigners struck an optimistic note when the North Korean Communists, that is the North Korean Workers Party, was reported to have declared an "independent" line in 1966.
They viewed that the Kim Il-song regime was gradually pursuing nationalism, but it was a hasty conclusion as far as the main ruling group in 'North Korea' is concerned.
As we are all well acquainted with, phrases such as "subjectivism" and "independence" have been bandied about in recent years in South Korea.
The appearance of such political vocabularies chimed in with the wide use of other political vocabularies-"multilateral diplomacy," "practical foreign diplomacy," "elimination of thinking or attitude to depend on foreign countries," "expulsion of flunkyism," "positive pursuit of neutral diplomacy with the Afro-Asian countries" and "buildup of self-reliant economy."
This phenomenon can be called an attempt to re-evaluate Korea's position in the ever-changing international situation and adjust its policy to the new situation, or re-discovery of self.
With the gradual shift of international politics from bipolarism to polycentrism, slow yet steady changes have veen taking place in both the Communist and Western blocs.
Also, the newly emerging nations have come to realize their unrealistic approaches to depend on foreign assistance alone, and have gradually started to pursue self-interest or independent policies.
Since the international communist has become simplified or individualistic on a world-wide scale beginning in the mid-19th century, Korea, though divided into two parts, cannot help finding some similarities between North and South Korea in their Sesitivity to the change of the international situation and in meeting the need of the times.
However, because of diabolically opposed ideological and political systems, the approaches of North and South Korea to the Change of the international situation cannot help being different. Hence the difference in the concept of the same political vocabulary.
For example, in South Korea, "subjectivism" means discovery of self as a required qualification for a number of a democratic society and spontaneity. "Independent" line means a policy aimed at seeking national interest and buildup of self-reliant economy in adapting the country to the change of the international situation.
However, in 'North Korea' the same word means different things. "Subjectivism" in North Korea means an independent line of activities of the North Korean Workers' Party in world Communist parties in the pursuit of its own revolutionary profits.
Subjectivism in terms of the Communists means an oppostion to revisionism and maintenance of Marx-Leninism.
But in practice, some Communist countries try to justify their opportunistic approaches in the name of upholding Marx-leninism.
Recently, the North Korean Communists started to link "subjectivism" and "independent line" to "revolutionary orthodox education." This appears to be an atttempt:
① to strengthen the cult of personality of Kim Il-song,
② to settle ideological confusion within the party - a phenomenon emerging from the worsening Sino-Soviet dispute, and
③ to justify P'yongyang's flexible foreign policy toward the Soviet Union and Communist China.
In the Parlance of the Communists, subjectivism means socialistic in form and nationalistic in culture and in the dialectic unity of form and substance, what is essentially important is substance.
However, the internal changes in the Communist bloc countries appear to take on an ironical aspect-a reaction of substance against form.
In the Russo-German war, Stalin drew on grand Russian nationalism temporarily, but the spirit appears to have become a fixed one.
After the end of World War II , the slogan of "peaceful co-existance" has been bandied about as a propaganda offensive, but the theme has now created a social environment yearning for peaceful co-existance.
Therefore, there is a possibility that subjectivism and independent line as advocated by the North Korean Communists may develop in a direction quite different from the original intention of the leaders.
This is also a main concern of this thesis.
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