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논문 기본 정보
- 자료유형
- 학술저널
- 저자정보
- 저널정보
- 한국국제정치학회 KJIS The Korean Journal of International Studies The Korean Journal of International Studies Vol.23 No.1
- 발행연도
- 2025.4
- 수록면
- 99 - 121 (23page)
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초록· 키워드
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This study examines how the issue of Manchukuo was addressed during the U.S.-Japan negotiations in 1941 and how it influenced the outbreak of the Asia-Pacific War. Throughout the negotiations, the United States did not regard Manchukuo as a primary issue to be resolved between the two nations and tried to avoid direct involvement in the matter. For Japan, Manchuria held strategic significance, particularly in its defensive posture against the Soviet Union and as a key junction linking the Japanese Empire with North China. However, there is little evidence to suggest that Japanese leaders at the time placed particular importance on Manchukuo as an independent entity.
Within this context, Secretary of State Cordell Hull, who led the U.S.-Japan negotiations, ultimately chose to remove references to Manchukuo from the final U.S. proposal, presenting the Hull Notes to Japan without any mention of the issue. Why did Hull make this decision? The first key factor to consider is that, as observed throughout the U.S.-Japan negotiations, Secretary Hull and other State Department officials probably did not regard the Manchukuo issue as the most critical agenda in U.S. policy toward Japan. As will be discussed in Section 3, State Department officials had adopted a stance of non-involvement regarding Manchukuo, while Hull and other key policymakers remained primarily focused on whether Japan would continue to use military force. Although Manchuria was a strategically significant region—bordering on the Soviet Union, China, and the Japanese Empire—and held substantial value for Japan, it appears that, from the U.S. perspective, Manchukuo was merely a secondary issue, subject to strategic flexibility depending on the progress of negotiations with Japan.
Within this context, Secretary of State Cordell Hull, who led the U.S.-Japan negotiations, ultimately chose to remove references to Manchukuo from the final U.S. proposal, presenting the Hull Notes to Japan without any mention of the issue. Why did Hull make this decision? The first key factor to consider is that, as observed throughout the U.S.-Japan negotiations, Secretary Hull and other State Department officials probably did not regard the Manchukuo issue as the most critical agenda in U.S. policy toward Japan. As will be discussed in Section 3, State Department officials had adopted a stance of non-involvement regarding Manchukuo, while Hull and other key policymakers remained primarily focused on whether Japan would continue to use military force. Although Manchuria was a strategically significant region—bordering on the Soviet Union, China, and the Japanese Empire—and held substantial value for Japan, it appears that, from the U.S. perspective, Manchukuo was merely a secondary issue, subject to strategic flexibility depending on the progress of negotiations with Japan.
목차
INTRODUCTION
THE PROCESS OF U.S.-JAPAN NEGOTIATIONS
JAPAN’S POSITION ON MANCHUKUO
THE ISSUE OF MANCHUKUO IN U.S.-JAPAN NEGOTIATIONS
THE MANCHUKUO ISSUE IN THE HULL NOTES
IN LIEU OF A CONCLUSION: WHAT WAS SECRETARY HULL’S CHOICE?
REFERENCES
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