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“Sectarian” Buddhism in the East Asia: Revisited
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동아시아 '종파불교' 프레임 再考 - 남북조불교 연구 방법론과 관련하여

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Lee Sangmin (고려대학교)
Journal
동아시아불교문화학회 동아시아불교문화 동아시아불교문화 제56호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2023.4
Pages
175 - 203 (29page)

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“Sectarian” Buddhism in the East Asia: Revisited
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This paper examines the frames of Buddhist research, specifically the relationship between philosophical identity and group identity in the context of the "Sectarian" frame both in India and East Asia. The following points summarize the contents of this paper: The division of the early monolithic saṅgha (部派) into several sects is attributed to two main transmission issues: the interpretation of Arhats and the interpretation of Vinaya. In examining the characteristics of Indian Buddhist Sects, the exclusivity of the group was not based on philosophy but on the Vinaya. Even if one held different views philosophically, they had not been driven out of their own group as long as they faithfully followed the Vinaya necessary for the monastic life. The concept of sectarian Buddhism (宗派) in China is difficult to define. From the perspective of an “exclusive group holding a distinctive philosophy,” there is much skepticism as to whether such factions existed until the Sui and Tang dynasties. Originally, Zong (宗) meant the “core teaching of the Sutras,” and the notion of dividing groups emerged much later. From an academic perspective, it is notable that the frame of “Buddhist sects,” whether in India or China, is the concepts derived from modern Japanese Buddhist scholarship. In constructing modern Buddhist studies in Japan, the term “宗派” was proposed under the influence of Western theology or religious studies. This term has since become a major frame for interpreting East Asian Buddhism. Moreover, the term “部派” that frames Indian Buddhism was derived from the idea of “宗派” by Japanese scholars. As these concepts are all imbued with the values of modern Japanese Buddhism, they have inherent limitations as frames for viewing Buddhism as a whole. To conduct a more comprehensive examination of the Buddhism, along with the vertical research centered around sects, the horizontal research encompassing the entire period and region is required.

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