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On the Pure Practices of Bodhisattvas and Completing the Perfection of Generosity: Focused on the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra and Cunda's Last Meal Offering
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보살의 범행(梵行)과 보시바라밀의 구족(具足)에 대하여-『열반경』「범행품」과 순타의 마지막 공양을 중심으로-

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Kim Su-deok (동국대학교)
Journal
Academia Koreana Keimyung Korean Studies Journal Vol.92 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2023.9
Pages
283 - 309 (27page)
DOI
10.18399/actako.2023..92.009

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On the Pure Practices of Bodhisattvas and Completing the Perfection of Generosity: Focused on the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra and Cunda's Last Meal Offering
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According to the chapter on “Pure Practice” in the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, in order for a bodhisattva to dwell in parinirvana, they must perfect two pure practices, which include seven forms of excellence and attaining the four immeasurable minds. And in order to put the four immeasurable minds into practice, one must practice the six perfections.
The four immeasurable minds include: loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity. Mahakasyapa divided each element of these four into three causes, and then divided these 12 items into two groups: one was the group of lovingkindness and compassion, and the other was that of joy and equanimity. However, the Buddha stressed that the balanced practice of perfecting loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity was better for establishing a foundation of wholesome roots instead of dividing them into three causes or emphasizing lovingkindness and compassion only.
This study looked into the meaning of the perfection of generosity in two situations. One is the perfection of generosity as part of the six perfections that are needed to be practiced to attain the four immeasurable minds, which are the foundation of wholesome roots. The other is completing the perfection of generosity, which Cunda achieved when he offered the Buddha his last meal.
This study found that Cunda’s last meal offering encompassed the three causes of pure offerings that must be present when one performs an act of generosity, and these causes completed the perfection of generosity. To complete the perfection of generosity requires pure practices, which one must do with a mind balanced with loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity. The donor, the donation, and the recipient of the donation must be pure too. After completing the perfection of generosity, Cunda advanced from the stages of “voice hearers” and “solitary realizers” and dwelled in the tenth stage of the Dharma-cloud on the bodhisattva path.”
Just as Cunda performed an act of perfect generosity by arousing the Mahayana aspiration for enlightenment, we should examine ourselves to see if we are generous toward others out of love, to benefit them, to share joy with them with a mindset of equality. In addition, in the Korean Buddhist community we should think about whether we have made genuine bodhisattva vows when we give offerings to the Three Jewels.
Furthermore, as Mahayana bodhisattvas we should be aware of and reflect on all of the thoughts, words, and deeds we have performed in pursuing the perfection of generosity, in dedicating our merits to others, and in making vows.
#범행(梵行) #사무량심(四無量心) #보시바라밀(布施波羅蜜) #순타(純陀) #삼연(三緣) #pure practices #four immeasurable minds #perfection of generosity #Cunda #three causes

Contents

1. 서론
2. 범행(梵行)이란 무엇인가
3. 보살의 범행(梵行)과 보시바라밀(布施波羅蜜)
4. 결론
참고문헌

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