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Seokjung Lee jeong-jik's theory on Book of Odes and Poetic Consciousness
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석정 이정직의 시경론과 시의식

논문 기본 정보

Type
Academic journal
Author
Lee Seungyong (선문대학교)
Journal
온지학회 온지논총 온지논총 제52호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2017.7
Pages
9 - 37 (29page)
DOI
10.16900/ONJI.2017.52.01.009

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Seokjung Lee jeong-jik's theory on Book of Odes and Poetic Consciousness
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This study looked into Seokjung Lee Jeong-jik’s theory on the Book of Odes and poetic consciousness and reviewed its literary historical meaning. With respect to Seokjung’s theory on Book of Odes, <Gwangwanjeogu Jaehajijooseol> and <Jepoong> which were his works on the Book of Odes appearing in <Yeonseoksanbangmungo> were analyzed, with consideration of his poetic consciousness from his poetry and prose revealing his poetic consciousness. Seokjung’s theory on the Book of Odes can be an expression of the spirit of the age through embodying Gowangjirae mentioned by Confucius. From the perspective of Gowangjirae, he proposes Insoisaheung (to think of rise from decline), Soogyohwoose (to hand down teachings to posterity) and Gyeonyojosahyunjae (to think of a benevolent able man when seeing an elegant lady). As a Silhak (practical science) scholar and intellectual in modern period of enlightenment, he tried to hand down teachings to posterity through criticism of sentences. It is in the same vein that he excerpted <Jepoong> from <Book on Odes> in order to make realize the circumstances of the time then. With national administration shaking in the arena of Western powers advancing toward East Asia and its resultant sufferings of people and corruption of public morals, he tried a recovery of order using his exposition on <Gwanjeo>, which keeps hold of the main object of the Book of Odes, and <six chapters of Jepoong> containing the aspects of confusion after losing the main object for teaching aids in discourse. Seokjung’s poetic consciousness based on the theory of the Book of Odes can be summarized into Samusa, Goeui and Haksiron. First, Seokjung defined the Book of Odes’ Samusa as Seongjae (man’s effort to reach truthfulness) mentioned by Jeongja and suggested seeking after the right through this truthfulness and straightening out the prevailing state of society. Second, as a means of reaching truthfulness, Seokjung proposed easiness and candor as Goeui (the ancient will). Here, he makes clear his poetics of not changing the principle following the tendency of the times, deploring the prevailing state of society losing the will of the Book of Odes. Third, Seokjung’s Haksiron is, in a word, incessant acquired efforts. As specific method for seeking Goeui, he proposes the process of close application(Jeol Cha Tak Ma) by setting up persons who have abided well by the spirit of the Book of Odes, such as Han Yoo or Tu Fu, rather than a direct mimicry, in the intermediate stage of learning. Literary historical meaning of Seokjung’ theory on the Book of Odes is that he tried to recognize the times of modern enlightenment through <the Book of odes>. He expressed his logic by accepting extensive Jeon and Jooso in order to embody Confucius’ Gowangjirae. His <six pieces of Jepoong (all fashions) for Sigyeong’s daily work/Sigyeongilgwa> was a learning aid to reflect the times of modern enlightenment. His learning on the Book of Odes corresponds to the last point of time in our history of literature connecting the 19th century to the 20th. Besides, by seeing that he expressed criticism for the spirit of the times, his learning on the Book of Odes is in line with that of Baekho and Dasan.

석정의 시경론은 공자가 말한 고왕지래(告往知來)의 구현을 통한 시대정신의 발로라 할 수 있다. 고왕지래의 방향으로 그는 쇠퇴한 것에서 흥기할 것을 생각함(因衰思興), 가르침을 후세에 전함(垂敎後世), 요조숙녀를 보고 어진 인재를 생각함(見窈窕思賢才)을 제시하고 있다. 근대계몽기의 실학자요 지식인이었던 그는 문장에 대한 포폄을 통해서 후세에 교훈을 전하고자 했다. 그가 『시경』에서 당시의 시대상황을 깨우치기 위한 「제풍」을 단장취의(斷章取義)한 것 또한 같은 맥락이다. 서세동점의 각축장에서 중심을 잡지 못하는 통치로 백성의 고통과 풍속의 문란이 야기된 상황에서 그는 『시경』의 본지를 담고 있는 <관저(關雎)>편에 대한 해설과 그 본지를 잃어버린 혼란의 양상이 담긴 <제풍 6편>을 담론의 학습교재로 삼아 질서 회복을 구현하고자 했다. 시경론에 의거한 그의 시의식은 사무사(思無邪), 고의(古意), 학시(學詩)의 관점으로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 석정은 시경의 사무사를 정자(程子)가 언급한 성재(誠哉: 진실함을 이루기 위한 인간의 노력)로 보고, 이 진실함을 통해 바름을 추구하고 세태를 바로잡아야 한다고 보았다. 둘째, 석정은 진실함을 이루기 위한 방법으로 시에서 평이하고 담박함을 상정하였다. 그는 시경의 뜻이 사라진 세태를 한탄하며 시세에 따라 지조를 바꾸지 않겠다는 그의 시학을 천명한다. 셋째, 학시의 관점은 한마디로 끊임없는 후천적 노력이다. 고의를 추구하는 구체적 방법으로는 직접적인 모방이 아닌 한유나 두보와 같이 시경 정신을 잘 지켜온 사람을 학습의 중간 단계에 설정하고 나아가는 절차탁마의 과정을 제시한다. 석정 시경론의 문학사적 의의는 『시경』을 통해 근대계몽기라는 시대를 인식하고자 했다는 점이다. 그는 공자의 고왕지래를 구현하기 위해 폭넓은 전(傳)과 주소(注疏)를 수용하여 자신의 논리를 담아냈다. 그의 <시경일과: 제풍6편>은 근대계몽기라는 시대를 반영하고자 한 학습교재였다. 그의 시경학은 19세기에서 20세기로 넘어가는 우리 문학사의 마지막 시점에 해당한다. 또한 포폄의 시대정신을 표출했다는 점에서 백호(白湖), 다산(茶山)의 시경학과 맥을 같이한다고 할 수 있다
#석정(石亭) #시경론 #시의식 #고왕지래(告往知來) #시경일과(詩經日課). #Seokjung #theory on the Book of Odes #poetic consciousness #Gowangjirae #Sigyeongilgwa.

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