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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
박동준 (고려대학교 평화와 민주주의연구소)
저널정보
국방대학교 국가안전보장문제연구소 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs The Korean Journal of Security Affairs 제27권 제1호
발행연도
2022.6
수록면
50 - 65 (16page)

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Why do leaders double down on wars and other unpopular foreign policies that the public opposes? Criticism of costly wars creates a dilemma for decision-makers as both maintaining or changing existing strategies have negative consequences for their prospect of remaining in office. To resolve this dilemma, leaders may opt to ‘gamble for resurrection’ to achieve victory. While valid, existing arguments that adopt the rationalist approach about the preference of leaders and the informative function of polls rely on certain assumptions about the perception of leaders. Given this, psychological accounts may add to our understanding of how difficult policy choices are made. In this regard, this article examines the psychological pressures created by the public’s negative views on the competence and judgment of leaders. This constitutes a threat to leaders’ self-esteem which, in turn, trigger psychological defensive mechanisms. In addition to inhibiting changes to the existing policy, common defensive mechanisms including reaction formation, isolation, and denial make it more likely that leaders commit further to failing wars and unsuccessful foreign policies. These mechanisms are confirmed through an analysis of President Bush’s decision to Surge in Iraq in 2007. The article contributes to the literature by highlighting additional mechanisms that impact foreign policy decision-making that adds to our understanding of why leaders maintain policies despite the electoral consequences they face.

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