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Tofu is produced by mixing condensed soymilk with a coagulant. It has a low calorie and high protein and contains various important vitamins and minerals; therefore, consumption of tofu as a healthy and dietetic food has increased worldwide. For systematic application in breeding programs to increase tofu yield, evaluation of tofu characteristics is essential. To test the various characteristics of tofu, typically, a considerable amount of seeds (approximately 100 g, is required. Here, we propose a simple tofu quality test method requiring a small amount of seeds (15 g), which is 75% less than the amount needed for conventional testing. Tofu was manufactured using 20 soybean varieties with a conventional method (i.e., a tofu making machine, TM) and four simple methods: natural filtering (NF), weight pressure (WP), hand pressure (HP), and rotation machine (RM). The correlation between the five methods was assessed with respect to each tofu characteristic, and the HP and RM methods were statistically similar to the conventional methods, whereas the other methods showed differences. Regarding tofu yield, the HP and RM methods showed significantly higher correlation coefficients of 0.79 and 0.78, respectively, and the coefficient of variation between replications was also low. Therefore, the HP and RM methods were the best to easily characterize the tofu yield using a small amount of seeds. Considering the efficiency of the test, the RM method appears to be more effective than the HP method for testing multiple lines.
These results will be used for the identification of quantitative trait locus/genes related to tofu quality and marker-assisted selection of breeding new soybean varieties.
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